离散数学及其应用discrete mathematics and itsapplica

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1、离散数学及其应用discretemathematicsanditsapplication关键术语名词中英文对照，浙大离散必备集合：set元素：element严格定义:welldefined成员:member外延原理:principleofextension泛集(全集):universalset空集:emptyset(nullset)子集:subset文氏图:venndiagram并:union交:intersection相对补集:relativecomplement绝对补集:absolutecompl

2、ement补集:complement对偶性:duality幂等律:idempotentlaws组合律:associativelaws交换律:commutativelaws分配律:distributivelaws同一律:identitylaws对合律:involutionlaws求补律:complementlaws对偶原理:principleofduality有限集:finiteset计算原理:countingprinciple类:class幂集:powerset子类:subclass子集合:subco

3、llection命题:proposition命题计算:propositioncalculus语句:statement复合:compound子语句:substatement合取:conjunction析取:disjuction否定:negation真值表:truthtable重言式:tautology矛盾:contradiction逻辑等价:logicalequivalence命题代数:algebraofpropositions逻辑蕴涵:logicalimplication关系:relation有序对:

4、orderedpair划分:parti-on偏序:partialorder整除性:divisibility常规序:usualorder上确界:supremum下确界:infimum上(下)界:upper(lower)bound乘积集:productset笛卡儿积:cartesianproduct笛卡儿平面:cartesianplane二元关系:binaryrelation定义域:domain值域:range相等:equality恒等关系:identityrelation全关系:universalral

5、ation空关系:emptyralation图解:graph坐标图:coordinatediagram关系矩阵:matrixoftherelation连矢图:arrowdiagram有向图:directedgraph逆关系:inverserelation转置:transpose复合:composition自反:reflexive对称的:symmetric反对称的:anti-symmetric可递的:transitive等价关系:equivalencerelation半序关系:partialorderi

6、ngrelation函数:function映射:mapping变换:transformation像点:image象:image自变量:independentvariable因变量:dependentvariable函数图象:graphofafunction合成函数:compositionfunction可逆函数:invertiblefunction一一对应:onetoonecorrespondence内射:injective满射:surjective双射:bijective基数度:cardinalit

7、y基数:cardinalnumber图论:graphtheory多重图:multigraphy顶点:vertix(point,node)无序对:unorderedpair边:edge相邻的adjacent端点:endpoint多重边:multipleedge环:loop子图:subgraph生成子图:generatedsubgraph平凡图:trivialgraph入射:incident孤立点:isolatedvertex连通性:connectivity通路:walk长度:length简单通路:cha

8、in(trail)圈:path回路:cycle连通的:connected连通分支:connectedcomponent距离:distance欧拉图:euleriangraph欧拉链路:euleriantrail哈密顿图:hamiltongraph哈密顿回路:hamiltoncycle货郎行程问题:travelingsalesman完全图:completegraph正则图:regulargraph偶图:bipartivegraph树图:treegraph加