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1、UnderstandingGalaxyFormationandEvolutionVladimirAvila-Reese1InstitutodeAstronoma,UniversidadNacionalAutonomadeMexico,A.P.70-264,04510,Mexico,D.F.avila@astroscu.unam.mxTheolddreamofintegratingintoonethestudyofmicroandmacrocosmosisnowareality.Cosmology,astrophysics,andparticlephysi
2、csintersectinascenario(butstillnotatheory)ofcosmicstructureformationandevolutioncalledColdDarkMatter(CDM)model.Thisscenarioemergedmainlytoexplaintheoriginofgalaxies.Intheselecturenotes,I rstpresentareviewofthemaingalaxyproperties,highlightingthequestionsthatanytheoryofgalaxyformatio
3、nshouldexplain.Then,thecosmologicalframeworkandthemainaspectsofprimordialperturbationgenerationandevolutionareped-agogicallydetached.Next,Ifocusonthedarkside"ofgalaxyformation,presentingareviewonCDMhaloassemblingandproperties,andonthemaincandidatesfornon{baryonicdarkmatter.Itisshown
4、howthenatureofelementalparticlescanin
uenceonthefeaturesofgalaxiesandtheirsystems.Finally,thecomplexprocessesofbaryondissipationinsidethenon{linearlyevolvingCDMhalos,formationofdisksandspheroids,andtransformationofgasintostarsarebrie
ydescribed,remarkingonthepossibilityofafewdrivingfa
5、ctorsandparametersabletoexplainthemainbodyofgalaxyprop-erties.AsummaryandadiscussionofsomeoftheissuesandopenproblemsoftheCDMparadigmaregiveninthe nalpartofthesenotes.1IntroductionOurvisionofthecosmicworldandinparticularofthewholeUniversehasbeenchangingdramaticallyinthelastcentury.Asw
6、ewillsee,galaxieswererepeatedlythemainprotagonistinthesceneofthesechanges.Itisabout80yearssinceE.Hubbleestablishedthenatureofgalaxiesasgiganticself-boundstellarsystemsandusedtheirkinematicstoshowthattheUniverseasawholeisexpandinguniformlyatthepresenttime.Galaxies,asthebuildingblocksof
7、theUniverse,arealsotracersofitslarge{scalestructureandofitsevolutioninthelast13Gyrsormore.Bylookinginsidegalaxieswe ndthattheyarethearenawherestarsform,evolveandcollapseinconstant2VladimirAvila-Reeseinteractionwiththeinterstellarmedium(ISM),acomplexmixofgasandplasma,dust,radiation,cos
8、micra
