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1、UnderstandingGalaxyFormationandEvolutionVladimirAvila-Reese1InstitutodeAstronoma,UniversidadNacionalAutonomadeMexico,A.P.70-264,04510,Mexico,D.F.avila@astroscu.unam.mxTheolddreamofintegratingintoonethestudyofmicroandmacrocosmosisnowareality.Cosmology,astrophys
2、ics,andparticlephysicsintersectinascenario(butstillnotatheory)ofcosmicstructureformationandevolutioncalledColdDarkMatter(CDM)model.Thisscenarioemergedmainlytoexplaintheoriginofgalaxies.Intheselecturenotes,I rstpresentareviewofthemaingalaxyproperties,highlightingt
3、hequestionsthatanytheoryofgalaxyformationshouldexplain.Then,thecosmologicalframeworkandthemainaspectsofprimordialperturbationgenerationandevolutionareped-agogicallydetached.Next,Ifocusonthedarkside"ofgalaxyformation,presentingareviewonCDMhaloassemblingandproperti
4、es,andonthemaincandidatesfornon{baryonicdarkmatter.Itisshownhowthenatureofelementalparticlescanin
uenceonthefeaturesofgalaxiesandtheirsystems.Finally,thecomplexprocessesofbaryondissipationinsidethenon{linearlyevolvingCDMhalos,formationofdisksandspheroids,andtransfo
5、rmationofgasintostarsarebrie
ydescribed,remarkingonthepossibilityofafewdrivingfactorsandparametersabletoexplainthemainbodyofgalaxyprop-erties.AsummaryandadiscussionofsomeoftheissuesandopenproblemsoftheCDMparadigmaregiveninthe nalpartofthesenotes.1IntroductionOurvi
6、sionofthecosmicworldandinparticularofthewholeUniversehasbeenchangingdramaticallyinthelastcentury.Aswewillsee,galaxieswererepeatedlythemainprotagonistinthesceneofthesechanges.Itisabout80yearssinceE.Hubbleestablishedthenatureofgalaxiesasgiganticself-boundstellarsyste
7、msandusedtheirkinematicstoshowthattheUniverseasawholeisexpandinguniformlyatthepresenttime.Galaxies,asthebuildingblocksoftheUniverse,arealsotracersofitslarge{scalestructureandofitsevolutioninthelast13Gyrsormore.Bylookinginsidegalaxieswe ndthattheyarethearenawheresta
8、rsform,evolveandcollapseinconstant2VladimirAvila-Reeseinteractionwiththeinterstellarmedium(ISM),acomplexmixofgasandplasma,dust,radiation,cosmicra
