Ulrich Heinz 0305084Hydrodynamic description of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions

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1、February5,20087:22WSPC/TrimSize:9inx6inforReviewVolumeqgp3Hydrodynamicdescriptionofultrarelativisticheavy-ioncollisionsPeterF.Kolb1andUlrichHeinz21DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy,SUNYStonyBrook,StonyBrook,NY11974,USA2DepartmentofPhysics,TheOhioStateUniversity,Columbus,OH43210,USARelativistichydr

2、odynamicshasbeenextensivelyappliedtohighenergyheavy-ioncollisions.WereviewhydrodynamiccalculationsforAu+AucollisionsatRHICenergiesandprovideacomprehensivecomparisonbetweenthemodelandexperimentaldata.ThemodelprovidesaverygooddescriptionofallmeasuredmomentumdistributionsincentralandsemiperipheralA

3、u+Aucollisions,includingthemomentumanisotropies(ellipticflow)andsystematicdependenciesonthehadronrestmassesuptotransversemomentaofabout1.5–2GeV/c.Thisprovidesimpressiveevidencethatthebulkofthefireballmattershowsefficientthermal-izationandbehaveshydrodynamically.AthigherpTthehydrodynamicmodelbeginsto

4、graduallybreakdown,followinganinterestingpatternarXiv:nucl-th/0305084v24Aug2003whichwediscuss.Theellipticflowanisotropyisshowntodevelopearlyinthecollisionandtoprovideimportantinformationabouttheearlyex-pansionstage,pointingtotheformationofahighlyequilibratedquark-gluonplasmaatenergydensitieswella

5、bovethedeconfinementthreshold.Two-particlemomentumcorrelationsprovideinformationaboutthespa-tialstructureofthefireball(size,deformation,flow)attheendofthecollision.Hydrodynamiccalculationsofthetwo-particlecorrelationfunc-tionsdonotdescribethedataverywell.Possibleoriginsofthediscrep-anciesarediscuss

6、edbutnotfullyresolved,andfurthermeasurementstohelpclarifythissituationaresuggested.1February5,20087:22WSPC/TrimSize:9inx6inforReviewVolumeqgp32Hydrodynamicdescriptionofultrarelativisticheavy-ioncollisionsContents1Introduction..................................32Formulationofhydrodynamics.........

7、..............62.1Hydrodynamicprerequisites......................62.2Hydrodynamicequationsofmotion.................72.3Thenuclearequationofstate.....................82.4Initialization..............................102.5Decoup