the_creation_of_inequality

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1、THECREATIONOFINEQUALITYTHECREATIONOFINEQUALITYHOWOURPREHISTORICANCESTORSSETTHESTAGEFORMONARCHY,SLAVERY,ANDEMPIREKentFlanneryJoyceMarcusHARVARDUNIVERSITYPRESSCambridge,MassachusettsLondon,England2012Copyright©2012bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollegeAllrightsreservedJacketimages:Thinkstockand

2、GettyImagesJacketdesign:JillBreitbarthTheLibraryofCongresshascatalogedtheprintededitionasfollows:Flannery,KentV.Thecreationofinequality:howourprehistoricancestorssetthestageformonarchy,slavery,andempire/KentFlanneryandJoyceMarcus.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN978-0-674-0646

3、9-01.Prehistoricpeoples.2.Anthropology,Prehistoric.3.Humanevolution.4.Socialevolution.5.Equality.I.Marcus,Joyce.II.Title.GN740.F542012569.9—dc232011039902Manisbornfree,andyetweseehimeverywhereinchains.J.-J.Rousseau,TheSocialContract(1762)ContentsPrefacePartI:StartingOutEqualONEGenesisandExodusT

4、WORousseau’s“StateofNature”THREEAncestorsandEnemiesFOURWhyOurAncestorsHadReligionandtheArtsFIVEInequalitywithoutAgriculturePartII:BalancingPrestigeandEqualitySIXAgricultureandAchievedRenownSEVENTheRitualBuildingsofAchievement-BasedSocietiesEIGHTThePrehistoryoftheRitualHouseNINEPrestigeandEquali

5、tyinFourNativeAmericanSocietiesPartIII:SocietiesThatMadeInequalityHereditaryTENTheRiseandFallofHereditaryInequalityinFarmingSocietiesELEVENThreeSourcesofPowerinChieflySocietiesTWELVEFromRitualHousetoTempleintheAmericasTHIRTEENAristocracywithoutChiefsFOURTEENTemplesandInequalityinEarlyMesopotami

6、aFIFTEENTheChieflySocietiesinOurBackyardSIXTEENHowtoTurnRankintoStratification:TalesoftheSouthPacificPartIV:InequalityinKingdomsandEmpiresSEVENTEENHowtoCreateaKingdomThreeoftheNewWorld’sFirst-GenerationKingdomsEIGHTEENNINETEENTheLandoftheScorpionKingTWENTYBlackOxHidesandGoldenStoolsTWENTY-ONETh

7、eNurseryofCivilizationTWENTY-TWOGraftandImperialismTWENTY-THREEHowNewEmpiresLearnfromOldPartV:ResistingInequalityTWENTY-FOURInequalityandNaturalLawNotesSourcesofIllustrationsIndexPrefaceIntheautumnof1753thecelebratedAcademyofDijon