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1、theladyandherscribeschristopherm.b.nugentTheLadyandHerScribes:DealingwiththeMultipleDunhuangCopiesofWeiZhuang’s“LamentoftheLadyofQin”InTroDuCTIonLikemedievalEuropeanliterature,writtenpoetryinTang-dynasty.Chinawasalwaysproduced,andalmostalwayscirculatedandre
2、-ceived,bymeansofhandwrittenmanuscripts.YetwhilescholarsofmedievalEuropeanliteraturehavedevotedconsiderableattentiontotheissuesatstakewhenapproachingtextsproducedbeforetheageofprint,researchonTangpoetry,whetherinAsiaortheWest,haspaidlittleattentiontothesest
3、udiesandwhatrelevancetheymighthaveforthestudyoftheproductionandcirculationofpoeticliteratureintheparticularmanuscriptcultureoftheTang.1Thisstateofaffairsisunderstandable:asmuchEuropeanliteratureconsideredtobemedi-evalwasproducedmorerecentlythantheTangandwas
4、writtennotonpaperbutonthefarmoredurable(ifexpensiveanddifficulttomanufacture)mediaofparchmentorvelum,2agooddealofitisstillextant.China’searlyinventionanduseofpaper,acheaperbutalsomorefragilematerial,didmeanthatliteracyandtextualproductionweresubstantiallymo
5、rewide-spreadandcommonamongtheupperclassesinTangdynastyChinathantheywerewithinthesamegroupinmedievalEurope.Woodblockprinting,whichbeganintheTangand1Therearesomeexceptionstothisgeneralization.StephenowennotestheimportanceoftextualhistoryofTangpoetryandlament
6、showlittleweknowaboutitinTheGreatAgeofChinesePoetry(newHaven:Yaleu.P.,1981),pp.323–24,fn.5.XuJunisoneofthefewChi-nesescholarstodealwiththespecificissuesofmanuscripttransmissionofTangpoetry.SeeXuJun徐俊,ed.,Dunhuangshijicanjuanjikao敦煌詩集殘卷輯考(Beijing:Zhonghuashu
7、ju,2000),pp.8–52.ForChinesereadingpracticesfromtheSixDynastiesthroughtheSongandtheimpactofwoodblockprinting,seeJean-PierreDrège,“LaLectureetl’écritureenChineetlaxylographie,”Étudeschinoise9(1991),pp.77–111.2 IthasbeenestimatedthatasinglecopyoftheBookofKells
8、producedaround800adrequiredtheslaughterofaherdof150calves.SeeIngoF.WaltherandnorbertWolf,Co-dicesillustres:TheWorld’sMostFamousIllustratedManuscripts,400–1600(Köln:Taschen,2001),p.18.25christopherm.b.n
