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1、THECLASSICOFFILIALPIETY XiaoJing[HsiaoChing]ITheScopeandMeaningoftheTreatise(Once),whenZhongNi1 wasunoccupied,andhisdiscipleZeng2 wassittingbyinattendanceonhim,theMastersaid,"Theancientkingshadaperfectvirtueandall-embracingruleofconduct,throughwhichtheywereinacc
2、ordwithallunderheaven.Bythepracticeofitthepeoplewerebroughttoliveinpeaceandharmony,andtherewasnoill-willbetweensuperiorsandinferiors.Doyouknowwhatitwas?"Zengrosefromhismatandsaid,"HowshouldI,Shen,whoamsodevoidofintelligence,beabletoknowthis?"TheMastersaid,"(Itwas
3、filialpiety.)Nowfilialpietyistherootof(all)virtue,3 and(thestem)outofwhichgrows(allmoral)teaching.Sitdownagain,andIwillexplainthesubjecttoyou.Ourbodies—toeveryhairandbitofskin—arereceivedbyusfromourparents,andwemustnotpresumetoinjureorwoundthem.Thisisthebeginning
4、offilialpiety.Whenwehaveestablishedourcharacterbythepracticeofthe(filial)course,soastomakeournamefamousinfutureagesandtherebyglorifyourparents,thisistheendoffilialpiety.Itcommenceswiththeserviceofparents;itproceedstotheserviceoftheruler;itiscompletedbytheestablis
5、hmentofcharacter."ItissaidintheMajorOdesoftheKingdom:Everthinkofyourancestor,Cultivatingyourvirtue."4 Notes1Thisisthezior"style"ofConfucius.2ZengZispeaksinfourteensayingsinthe Analects,e.g.,1.4.Henameshimselfabitlaterbyhismingor"givenname,"Shen.Hisnameistradition
6、allyassociatedwiththevirtueoffilialpiety;see,forexample, Analects 1.9&19.17&18.3"Allvirtue"meansthefivevirtuousprinciples,theconstituentsofhumanity:benevolence,righteousness,propriety,knowledge,andfidelity.4ShiIII,i,ode1,stanza6,p.431.Mao235.IIFilialPietyintheSon
7、ofHeavenTheMastersaid,"Hewholoveshisparentswillnotdare(toincurtheriskof)beinghatedbyanyman,andhewhorevereshisparentswillnotdare(toincurtheriskof)beingcontemnedbyanyman.1 Whentheloveandreverence(oftheSonofHeaven)arethuscarriedtotheutmostintheserviceofhisparents,th
8、elessonsofhisvirtueaffectallthepeople,andhebecomesapatternto(allwithin)thefourseas.ThisisthefilialpietyoftheSonofHeaven."Itissaidin(theMarquisof)FuonPunishment
