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1、ThePearlJOHNSTEINBECKBorninSalinas,California,in1902,JohnSteinbeckgrewupinafertileagriculturalvalleyabouttwenty-fivemilesfromthePacificCoast–andbothvalleyandcoastwouldserveassettingsforsomeofhisbestfiction.In1919hewenttoStanfordUniversity,whereheintermittentlyenrolledinlitera
2、tureandwritingcoursesuntilheleftin1925withouttakingadegree.DuringthenextfiveyearshesupportedhimselfasalabourerandjournalistinNewYorkCity,allthetimeworkingonhisfirstnovel,CupofGold(1929).AftermarriageandamovetoPacificGrove,hepublishedtwoCalifornianfictions,ThePasturesofHeaven(
3、1932)andToaGodUnknown(1933),andworkedonshortstorieslatercollectedinTheLongValley(1938).PopularsuccessandfinancialsecuritycameonlywithTortillaFlat(1935),storiesaboutMonterey’spaisanos.Aceaselessexperimenterthroughouthiscareer,Steinbeckchangedcourseregularly.Threepowerfulnovels
4、ofthelate1930sfocusedontheCalifornianlabouringclass:InDubiousBattle(1936),OfMiceandMen(1937)andthebookconsideredbymanyhisfinest,TheGrapesofWrath(1939).Earlyinthe1940s,SteinbeckbecameafilmmakerwithTheForgottenVillage(1941)andaseriousstudentofmarinebiologywith1SeaofCortez(1941)
5、.Hedevotedhisservicestothewar,writingBombsAway(1942)andthecontroversialplay–noveletteTheMoonisDown(1942).CanneryRow(1945),TheWaywardBus(1947),ThePearl(1947),ARussianJournal(1948),anotherexperimentaldrama,BurningBright(1950),andTheLogfromtheSeaofCortez(1951)precededpublication
6、ofthemonumentalEastofEden(1952),anambitioussagaoftheSalinasValleyandhisownfamily’shistory.ThelastdecadesofhislifewerespentinNewYorkCityandSagHarborwithhisthirdwife,withwhomhetravelledwidely.LaterbooksincludeSweetThursday(1954),TheShortReignofPippinIV:AFabrication(1957),OnceTh
7、ereWasaWar(1958),TheWinterofOurDiscontent(1961),TravelswithCharleyinSearchofAmerica(1962),AmericaandAmericans(1966)andtheposthumouslypublishedJournalofaNovel:The‘EastofEden’Letters(1969),VivaZapata!(1975),TheActsofKingArthurandHisNobleKnights(1976)andWorkingDays:TheJournalsof
8、‘TheGrapesofWrath’(1989).Hediedin1968,havingwonaNobelPrizein1962.Lin
