High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)Transmission Systems Technology Review Paper

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1、HighVoltageDirectCurrent(HVDC)TransmissionSystemsTechnologyReviewPaperRobertoRudervallJ.P.CharpentierRaghuveerSharmaABBpowerSystemsWorldBankABBFinancialServicesSwedenUnitedStatesSwedenSynopsisBeginningwithabriefhistoricalperspectiveonthedevelopmentofHighVoltageDirectCurrent(HVDC)transmissi

2、onsystems,thispaperpresentsanoverviewofthestatusofHVDCsystemsintheworldtoday.ItthenreviewstheunderlyingtechnologyofHVDCsystems,anddiscussestheHVDCsystemsfromadesign,construction,operationandmaintenancepointsofview.ThepaperthendiscussestherecentdevelopmentsinHVDCtechnologies.Thepaperalsopre

3、sentsaneconomicandfinancialcomparisonofHVDCsystemwiththoseofanACsystem;andprovidesabriefreviewofreferenceinstallationsofHVDCsystems.ThepaperconcludeswithabriefsetofguidelinesforchoosingHVDCsystemsintoday’selectricitysystemdevelopment.Intodayelectricityindustry,inviewoftheliberalisationandi

4、ncreasedeffectstoconservetheenvironment,HVDCsolutionshavebecomemoredesirableforthefollowingreasons:·Environmentaladvantages·Economical(cheapestsolution)·Asynchronousinterconnections·Powerflowcontrol·Addedbenefitstothetransmission(stability,powerqualityetc.)HistoricalPerspectiveonHVDCTransm

5、issionIthasbeenwidelydocumentedinthehistoryoftheelectricityindustry,thatthefirstcommercialelectricitygenerated(byThomasAlvaEdison)wasdirectcurrent(DC)electricalpower.Thefirstelectricitytransmissionsystemswerealsodirectcurrentsystems.However,DCpoweratlowvoltagecouldnotbetransmittedoverlongd

6、istances,thusgivingrisetohighvoltagealternatingcurrent(AC)electricalsystems.Nevertheless,withthedevelopmentofhighvoltagevalves,itwaspossibletoonceagaintransmitDCpowerathighvoltagesandoverlongdistances,givingrisetoHVDCtransmissionsystems.SomeimportantmilestonesinthedevelopmentoftheDCtransmi

7、ssiontechnologyarepresentedinBox1.Box1:ImportantMilestonesintheDevelopmentofHVDCtechnology·Hewitt´smercury-vapourrectifier,whichappearedin1901.·ExperimentswiththyratronsinAmericaandmercuryarcvalvesinEuropebefore1940.·FirstcommercialHVDCtransmission,Gotland1inS