语法内容提要1

《语法内容提要1》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、语法内容提要〈1〉可数名词，指两个以上的人或事物时，要用复数形式。名词复数词尾变化如下表：变化规律情况词尾变化例词例外规则变化一般情况加—sbook→booksgirl→girls以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词加—esclass→classesbox→boxeswatch→watcheswish→wishes以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加—esparty→partiescity→cities以o结尾的词加—eshero→heroes,tomato→tomatoesNegro→Negroesphoto

2、→photosradio→radioespiano→pianoscuckoo→cuckoos以f或fe结尾的词变f为v再加—esleaf→leavesknif→knivesshelf→shelveswife→wivesroof→roofsscarf→scarfshandkerchief→handkerchiefs不规则变化词形不变sheep→sheepfish→fishdeer→deerChinese→Chinese不规则特殊变化变元音man→menfoot→feettooth→teeth不规则只有复

3、数clothes,chopsticks,compasses名词复数的读音规列表如下表：构成法读音例词在词末加—s1.–s在清辅音后发：〔s〕音desk—desks[desks]cake—cakes[keiks]map—maps[mæps]cup—cups[kʌps]2.–s在浊辅音和元音后发〔z〕音worker—workers['wə:kəz]day—days[deiz]poiano—pianos[pi'ænəuz]mile—miles[mailz]3.–……1构成法读音例词词末加—s3①-s在清辅音

4、后〔ts〕后发：②–s在浊辅音d后发〔dz〕cat—cats[kæts]hand—hands[hændz]hat—hats[hæts]bird—birds[bə:dz]在词末加-(e)s1.以[s][z][ʃ][tʃ][dʒ]音结尾词后加–es2.如词末为e只加–s-(e)s读音发[iz]1.class—classes[kla:siz]bus—buses['bʌsiz]box—boxes[bɔksiz]bush—bushes[buʃiz]brush—brushes[brʌʃiz]watch—watch

5、es[wɔtʃiz]buzz—buzzes[bʌziz]vase—vases[vɑ:ziz]2.page—pages[peidʒiz]horse—horses[hɔ:siz]orange—oranges['ɔrindʒiz]如词末为-f或-fe，一般变为-ves—ves读作—ves读作[vz]shelf—shelves[ʃelvz]life—lives[laivz]knife—knives[naivz]leaf—leaves[li:vz]wife—wives[waivz]如词末为辅音加y，则变y为i再

6、加-es—ies读作[iz]party—parties['pɑ:tiz]city—cities['sitiz]factory—factories['fæktəriz]family—families['fæmiliz]如词末为辅音+o则加-es—es读作[z]herp—heroes['hiərəus]potato—potatoes[pə'teitəuz]tomato—tomatoes[tə'ma:təuz]Negro—Negroes['ni:grəuz]少数以o结尾的名词只加s—s读[z]photo—p

7、hotos['fəutəuz]piano—pianos[pi'ænəuz]radio—radioz['reidiəuz]cuckoo—cuckoos['ku:ku:z]英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的列表于下：构成法例词及读音①.变内部元音man[mæn]—men[men]woman['wumən]—women['wimin]foot[fut]—feet[fi:t]tooth[tu:θ]—teeth[ti:θ]mouse[maus]—mice[mais]②2构成法例词及读音②.形式不变sheep—s

8、heep[ʃiːp]deer—deer[diə]fish—fish[fiʃ]①.词末加-enox[ɔks]—oxen['ɔksən]注：child[tʃaild]—children['tʃildrən]②.外来词从拉丁文借用来的名词仍保留其原来的名词复数形式。crisis['kraisis]—crises['kraisi:z](危机)危机phenomenon[fi'nɔminən]—phenomena[fi'nɔminə]现象stratum['strei