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1、职称英语B级精解TheFamilyThestructureofafamilytakesdifferentformsaroundtheworldandeveninthesamesociety.Thefamily’sformchangesasitadaptstochangingsocialandeconomicinfluences.Untilrecently,themostcommonforminNorthAmericawasthenuclearfamily,consistingofamarriedcouplewiththeirminorc
2、hildren.Thenuclearfamilyisanindependentunit.Itmustbepreparedtofendforitself.Individualfamilymembersstronglydependononeanother.Thereislittlehelpfromoutsidethefamilyinemergencies.Elderlyrelativesofanuclearfamilyarecaredforonlyifitispossibleforthefamilytodoso.InNorthAmerica
3、,theelderlyoftendonotlivewiththefamily;theyliveinretirementcommunitiesandnursinghomes.Therearemanyparallelsbetweenthenuclearfamilyinindustrialsocieties,suchasNorthAmerica,andoffamiliesinsocietiessuchasthatoftheInuits,wholiveinharshenvironments.Thenuclearfamilystructureis
4、welladaptedtoalifeofmobility.Inharshconditions,mobilityallowsthefamilytohuntforfood.ForNorthAmericans,thehuntforjobsandimprovedsocialstatusalsorequiresmobility.ThenuclearfamilywasnotalwaystheNorthAmericanstandard.Inamoreagrariantime,thesmallnuclearfamilywasusuallypartofa
5、largerextendedfamily.Thismighthaveincludedgrandparents,motherandfather,brothersandsisters,uncles,aunts,andcousins.InNorthAmericatoday,thereisadramaticriseinthenumberofsingle-parenthouseholds.TwiceasmanyhouseholdsintheUnitedStatesareheadedbydivorced,separated,ornever-marr
6、iedindividualsasarecomprisedofnuclearfamilies.Thestructureofthefamily,notjustinNorthAmerica,butthroughouttheworld,continuestochangeasitadaptstochangingconditions.词汇：Nuclearadj．原子核的，中心的harshadj．严酷的Emergencyn．紧急状况agrarianadj.土地的，耕地的注释：1．Itmustbepreparedtofendforitself.它必须能
7、够照料自己。2.InNorthAmerica,theelderlyoftendonotlivewiththefamily;theyliveinretirementcommunitiesandnursinghomes.在北美洲，老人很少和家人一起生活；他们一般住在退休社区和养老机构。3．Inharshconditions，mobilityallowsthefamilytohurtforfood.：在恶劣的条件下，流动性能让一个家庭吃饱饭。练习：1.Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe_____A)Wh
8、atMakesaFamily?B)TheLifeoftheInuits.C)LivingwithHardship.D)TheFailureoftheNuclearFamily.2.Anuclearfamil
