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1、NIHPublicAccessAuthorManuscriptOpenPacingElectrophysiolTherJ.Authormanuscript;availableinPMC2011May23.NIH-PAAuthorManuscriptPublishedinfinaleditedformas:NIH-PAAuthorManuscriptNIH-PAAuthorManuscriptOpenPacingElectrophysiolTherJ.2010January1;3:4±20.doi:10.2174/1876536X01003010004.AR
2、eviewofFetalECGSignalProcessing;IssuesandPromisingDirectionsRezaSameni1andGariD.Clifford2,3RezaSameni:rsameni@shirazu.ac.ir;GariD.Clifford:gari.clifford@eng.ox.ac.uk1SchoolofElectrical&ComputerEngineering,ShirazUniversity,Shiraz,Iran2InstituteofBiomedicalEngineering,DepartmentofEn
3、gineeringScience,UniversityofOxford,UK3DivisionofSleepMedicine,DepartmentofMedicine,HarvardUniversity,Boston,USAAbstractThefieldofelectrocardiographyhasbeeninexistenceforoveracentury,yetdespitesignificantadvancesinadultclinicalelectrocardiography,signalprocessingtechniquesandfastd
4、igitalprocessors,theanalysisoffetalECGsisstillinitsinfancy.Thisis,partlyduetoalackofavailabilityofgoldstandarddatabases,partlyduetotherelativelylowsignal-to-noiseratioofthefetalECGcomparedtothematernalECG(causedbythevariousmediabetweenthefetalheartandthemeasuringelectrodes,andthef
5、actthatthefetalheartissimplysmaller),andinpart,duetothelesscompleteclinicalknowledgeconcerningfetalcardiacfunctionanddevelopment.InthispaperwereviewarangeofpromisingrecordingandsignalprocessingtechniquesforfetalECGanalysisthathavebeendevelopedoverthelastfortyyears,anddiscussbothth
6、eirshortcomingsandadvantages.Beforedoingso,however,wereviewfetalcardiacdevelopment,andtheetiologyofthefetalECG.Aselectionofrelevantmodelsforthefetal/maternalECGmixtureisalsodiscussed.InlightofcurrentunderstandingofthefetalECG,wethenattempttojustifyrecommendationsforpromisingfuture
7、directionsinsignalprocessing,anddatabasecreation.1IntroductionHeartdefectsareamongthemostcommonbirthdefectsandtheleadingcauseofbirthdefect-relateddeaths[1,2].Everyyear,aboutoneoutof125babiesarebornwithsomeformofcongenitalheartdefects[3].Thedefectmaybesoslightthatthebabyappearsheal
8、thyformanyyearsafterbirth,orsosev
