1institutions-as-the-fundamental-cause-of-long-run-

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1、INSTITUTIONSASAFUNDAMENTALCAUSEOFLONG-RUNGROWTHDARONACEMOGLU1DepartmentofEconomics,MIT,50MemorialDriveE52-3806,Cambridge,MA02142,e-mail:damn@mit.eduSIMONJOHNSONSloanSchoolofhfa~gement,MIT,50MemorialDrive,Cambridge,MA02142e-mail:sjohnson@mit.eduJAMESA.ROBINSONDeparhnentofGovernment,WCFIA,HarvardUnive

2、rsity,1033MassachusettsAvenue,Cambridge,MA02138e-mail:jmbinson@gov.harvard.eduContentsAbstractKeywords1.Introduction1.1.Thequestion1.2.Theargument1.3.Outline2.Fundamentalcausesofincomedifferences2.1.Threefundamentalcauses2.1.1.Economicinstitutions2.1.2.Geography2.1.3.Culture3.Institutionsmatter3.1.T

3、heKoreanexperiment3.2.Thecolonialexperiment4.TheReversalofFortune4.1.ThereversalamongtheformercoloniesiI4.2.Timingofthereversal4.3.Interpretingthereversal4.4.EconomicinstitutionsandthereversalHandbookofEconomicGmwth,VolumeIA.EditedbyPhilippeAghionandStevenN.DurlaufO2005ElsevierB.VAllrightsreserved00

4、1:lO.l016/Sl574-W84(05)OloW-3D.Acemoglueral.4.5.Understandingthecolonialexperience4.6.Settlements,mortalityanddevelopment5.Whydoinstitutionsdiffer?5.1.Theefficientinstitutionsview-thePoliticalCoaseTheorem5.2.Theideologyview5.3.Theincidentalinstitutionsview5.4.Thesocialconflictview6.Sourcesofineffici

5、encies6.1.Hold-up6.2.Politicallosers6.3.Economiclosers6.4.Theinseparabilityofefficiencyanddistribution6.5.Comparativestatics6.6.Thecolonialexperienceinlightofthecomparativestatics6.7.Reassessmentofthesocialconflictview7.Thesocialconflictviewinaction7.1.Labormarkets7.2.Financialmarkets7.3.Regulationo

6、fprices7.4.Politicalpowerandeconomicinstitutions'8.Atheoryofinstitutions8.1.Sourcesofpoliticalpower8.2.Politicalpowerandpoliticalinstitutions8.3.Atheo~yofpoliticalinstitutions9.Thetheoryinaction9.1.RiseofconstitutionalmonarchyandeconomicgrowthinearlymodemEurope9.2.Summary9.3.Riseofelectoraldemocracy

7、inBritain9.4.Summary10.FutureavenuesAcknowledgementsReferencesAbstractThispaperdevelopstheempiricalandtheoreticalcasethatdifferencesineconomicin-stitutionsarethefundamentalcauseofdifferencesineconomic