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1、NOUNandNOUNPHRASELecture44.1.1Classification按构词法(wordformation)简单名词:man,chair,land,water,beauty,class复合名词:armchair,deadline,forget-me-not派生名词:selfishness,friendly,expectation,ability按词汇意义(lexicalmeaning)普通名词个体名词:boy,house,tiger,person,bird集体名词:people,cattle,foliag
2、e,poetry物质名词:water,ice,bread,snow,air抽象名词:honesty,difficulty,education专有名词:Peter,China,theUnitedNations按语法特征(grammaticalform)可数名词:car,peach,hand,desk,lake不可数名词:furniture,machinery,water,air4.1.2FunctionThenounphrasecanfunctionasalltheelementsinasentenceexceptthepr
3、edicateverb.Childrenatplayseldomrememberwhattimeitis.InthehallIsawsomeextremelyvaluablepictures.Theyelectedhimchairmanoftheboard.ChildrenplaytimesubjectprepositionalcomplementationsubjectcomplementhallpicturesobjectchairmanboardobjectcomplementMrBrown,directorofth
4、ecoalmine,shouldberesponsible fortheaccident.Hereturnedlastnight.Aphotoistakeneachtimethisbuttonispushed.conjunctionadverbialappositivedirectorofthecoalminelastnighteachtime4.2NumberFormsofNounsEX.4C4.3Partitives(UnitNouns)4.3.1Generalpartitives4.3.2Partitivesrela
5、tedtotheShapeofThings4.3.3Partitivesrelatedtovolume4.3.4Partitivesrelatedtothestateofaction4.3.5Partitivesdenotingpairs,groups,flocks,1)GeneralPartitives:Withnoncountnounstheexpressionofquantity canbeachievedbymeansofcertaingeneralpartitives, particularlypiece,bit
6、,article,anditem, followedbyanof-phrasepiece:一片/块/张/段/枝/个/幅/项/件] (文艺作品的)部,篇,首,幅,出,支bit:小块,少量,pieceandbitareverygeneralwordsand canbeusedwithmostuncountablenounsarticle:一件,一种(物品;物件;商品)一条，一项（项目,条款,）item:一件，一则,一条（项目,条款，消息，情报）Therearepartitivesthataresemanticallyrelat
7、edto theshapeofthingsandwhosepowerofcollocation is,therefore,quitelimited2)PartitivesRelatedtotheShapeofThingscake块bar条drop滴ear穗flight群(飞着的鸟)段(阶梯)grain粒head花冠,穗(植物，蔬菜)头(牲畜)lump块(小)spiral盘，卷slice片bundle捆，束，包loaf条，块(面包)3)PartitivesRelatedtoVolumeAthirdclassofpartiti
8、vesarethosethataresemantically relatedtovolume,andallofwhicharecommonnouns. Theycanfreelycollocatewithrelatednonountnounsbottle瓶bowl碗pail桶bucket桶glass杯c
