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《Moving Beyond Command-and-ControReflexivity in the Regulation of OccupationallSafety and Health and the Environment超越指挥和控制： 职业调节中的反思性 安全、健康与环境_》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、MovingBeyondCommand-and-Control:ReflexivityintheRegulationofOccupationalSafetyandHealthandtheEnvironment*MARIUSAALDERSandTONWILTHAGENDirector``command-and-control''regulationhashadlimitedsuccessindealingwithoccupationalhealthandsafetyandwithenvironmentalregulation.Thislackofsuccesshas
2、ledpolicymakerstoexperimentwithself-regulationasanalternativemeansofachievingthegoalsofsocialregulation.Theeconomicsubsystemfailstoacknowledgeitssocialidentityand,therefore,appearstobeblindtoitsnegativeperformanceregardingtheenvironmentandtheworkplace.Theauthorsofthispaperarguethatmov
3、ingbeyondcommand-and-controlcanbefeasibleanddesirable,atleasttoacertainextent,butthatpitfallsareomnipresent.``Regulatorydilemmas''needtobesolved,soundempiricalstudiesneedtobeconducted,andaguidingtheoryneedstobedrafted.Toachievethesegoals,theauthorssuggestuseofthekeyconceptof``reflexiv
4、ity,''whichreferstotheeconomicorganization'srelationshipwithitself.Thepracticalusefulnessofthistheoreticalconceptisexploredagainstthebackgroundofregulatorypracticeintheareasofoccupationalsafetyandhealthandtheenvironment.Itisconcludedthatamodeofreflexiveadministrativelawrequiresa``nego
5、tiatinggovernment,''whichadoptsamixtureofstrategiesandlearnstocopewithissueslikethird-partyinterests,accesstoinformation,andenforcement.I.INTRODUCTIONGovernmentonlyrecentlyhasexploredthepossibilityofimprovingindustrialperformancesinregulatoryarenassuchasoccupationalsafetyandhealthandt
6、heenvironmentthroughapolicythatdelegatesgovernmentauthoritytoindustrialassociationsandindividualfirms.Thisdelegationcouldreducegovernment'sburdeninseekingtocontroltheeconomicsystem,whichinmoderncomplexsocietiesishardlyfeasibleandinfacthasledustothewell-knownproblemoftheinterventionist
7、stateandthecrisis*AddresscorrespondencetoMariusAalders,CentreforEnvironmentalLaw,UniversityofAmsterdam,Postbus1030,1000BAAmsterdam,TheNetherlands,e-mail:aalders@jur.uva.nl,ortoTonWilthagen,HugoSinzheimerInstituteforSocio-LegalStudiesonLabourandLaw,FacultyofLaw,UniversityofAmsterdam,Ro
8、kin84
