资源描述:
《MANAGEMENT OF CYANOBACTERIAIN DRINKING-WATER SUPPLIESInformation for regulators and watersuppliers蓝藻的管理 饮用水供应: 调节器和水的信息 供应商 泰康》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、WHO/FWC/WSH/15.03MANAGEMENTOFCYANOBACTERIATECHNICALBRIEFINDRINKING-WATERSUPPLIES:InformationforregulatorsandwatersuppliersThistechnicalbriefprovidesgeneralinformationonthemanagementofcyanobacteriaindrinking-watersuppliestohelpregulatorsandwatersuppliersdeterminewhentotakeactio
2、nandwhatactionstotake.Itdescribesanumberofmeasurestopreventtheformationofcyanobacterialbloomsaswellasoptionstomanagesuchbloomswhentheyoccur.Althoughsomeofthemeasuresarespecifictocyanobacteria,manyareequallyusefulforthemanagementofotherhazards.Risksfromcyanobacteriashouldbeasse
3、ssedalongwiththeothermicrobial,chemical,physicalandradiologicalhazardsthatmaybeencounteredinawatersupply.Thiscanbeeffectivelyachievedinthecontextofdevelopingawatersafetyplanforthewatersupplysystem.Whatarecyanobacteria?Cyanobacteria,alsoknownasblue-greenalgae,arephotosyntheticb
4、acterianaturallypresentinsurfacewatersinlowormoderatenumbers;veryhighnumbersareusuallycausedbyhumanactivityenrichingthewaterwithphosphorusandnitrogen.Somecyanobacteriaproducetoxins,calledcyanotoxins.Cyanobacteriacanoccurassinglecellsoringroups,ascoloniesorfilaments.Theycanbefo
5、undinfresh,marineandbrackishwaters.FrequentlyoccurringgenerainsurfacewatersincludeAnabaena,Aphanizomenon,Cylindrospermopsis,Lyngbya,Microcystis,Oscillatoria,PhormidiumandPlanktothrix.Somecyanobacteriacancontroltheirbuoyancyandseekwaterdepthswithoptimalgrowthconditions.Thisabil
6、itytomovewithinthewatercolumngivescyanobacteriaanadvantageoverothermicroorganismsthatcompetefornutrientsandlight.Buoyantcyanobacteria,suchasAnabaenaandMicrocystis,mayfloatupwardwhenmixingisweakandaccumulateindensesurfaceblooms(Fig.1).Othercyanobacteria,suchasCylindrospermopsis
7、andPlanktothrix,staydispersed,butcanreachveryhighcelldensities,causinghighturbidity.Stillothers,suchasLyngbya,OscillatoriaandPhormidium,growasbenthicpopulationsonsedimentsorattachedtoothersurfaces,suchaspiersorsubmersedrocks(fordetails,refertoMinistryfortheEnvironment&Ministry
8、ofHealth,NewZealand,2009).Figure1.Cyanobacterialbloom(left);M