医学类中英文翻译

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1、Themethodsofdiagnosisandtreatmentofosteoporosis1.WhatMeasuresCanBeTakentoPreventBoneLoss?•R1.Maintainadequatecalciumintake;usecalciumsupplements,ifneeded,tomeetminimalrequiredintake(GradeA;“bestevidence”levelorBEL1).•R2.MaintainadequatevitaminDintake;supplementvita

2、minD,ifneeded,tomaintainserumlevelsof25-hydroxyvitaminD[25(OH)D]between30and60ng/mL(GradeA;BEL1).•R3.Limitalcoholintaketonomorethan2servingsperday(GradeB;BEL2).•R4.Limitcaffeineintake(GradeC;BEL3).•R5.Avoidorstopsmoking(GradeB;BEL2).•R6.Maintainanactivelifestyle,in

3、cludingweightbearingexercisesforatleast30minutesdaily(GradeB;BEL2).2.WhatNonpharmacologicMeasuresCanBeRecommendedforTreatmentofOsteoporosis?Alltheforegoingmeasuresplusthefollowing:•R7.Maintainadequateproteinintake(GradeB;BEL3).•R8.Useproperbodymechanics(GradeB;BEL1

4、).•R9.Considertheuseofhipprotectorsinindividualswithahighriskoffalling(GradeB;BEL1).•R10.Takemeasurestoreducetheriskoffalling(GradeB;BEL2).•R11.Considerreferralforphysicaltherapyandoccupationaltherapy(GradeB;BEL1).3.WhoNeedstoBeScreenedforOsteoporosis?•R12.Women65y

5、earsoldorolder(GradeB;BEL2).•R13.Youngerpostmenopausalwomenatincreasedriskoffracture,basedonalistofriskfactors(seesection4.5)(GradeC;BEL2).4.HowIsOsteoporosisDiagnosed?•R14.Useacentraldual-energyx-rayabsorptiometry(DXA)measurement(GradeB;BEL3).•R15.Intheabsenceoffr

6、acture,osteoporosisisdefinedasaT-scoreof-2.5orbelowinthespine(anteroposterior),femoralneck,ortotalhip(GradeB;BEL2).•R16.Osteoporosisisdefinedasthepresenceofafractureofthehiporspine(seesection4.4.2)(intheabsenceofotherboneconditions)(GradeB;BEL3).5.HowIsOsteoporosis

7、Evaluated?•R17.Evaluateforsecondaryosteoporosis(GradeB;BEL2).•R18.Evaluateforprevalentvertebralfractures(seesection4.7.1)(GradeB;BEL2).6.WhoNeedsPharmacologicTherapy?•R19.Thosepatientswithahistoryofafractureofthehiporspine(GradeA;BEL1).•R20.Patientswithoutahistoryo

8、ffracturesbutwithaT-scoreof-2.5orlower(GradeA;BEL1).•R21.PatientswithaT-scorebetween-1.0and-2.5ifFRAX(seesection4.5)majorosteoporoticfractureprob