Chapter_6_Robbins_6e_Perception_and_Decision_making

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1、Chapter6PerceptionandIndividualdecisionmakingAfterstudyingthischapter,youshouldbeableto:Explainhowtwopeoplecanseethesamethingandinterpretitdifferently.Listthreedeterminantsofattribution.Describehowshortcutscanassistinordistortourjudgmentofothers.Explainhowperceptionaffectsthedecision-makingprocess.O

2、utlinethesixstepsintherationaldecision-makingmodel.Describetheactionsofabounded-rationaldecisionmaker.Listandexplainthecommondecisionbiasesorerrors.Identifytheconditionsinwhichindividualsaremostlikelytouseintuitionindecisionmaking.Contrastthethreeethicaldecisioncriteria.LearningObjectivesWhatIsPerce

3、ption,andWhyIsItImportant?PerceptionAprocessbywhichindividualsorganiseandinterprettheirsensoryimpressionsinordertogivemeaningtotheirenvironment.People’sbehaviourisbasedontheirperceptionofwhatrealityis,notonrealityitself.Theworldasitisperceivedistheworldthatisbehaviourallyimportant.FactorsthatInflue

4、ncePerceptionExhibit6.1Distinctiveness:Showsdifferentbehavioursindifferentsituations.Consensus:Responseisthesameasotherstosamesituation.Consistency:Respondsinthesamewayovertime.AttributionTheoryWhenindividualsobservebehaviour,theyattempttodeterminewhetheritisinternallyorexternallycaused.PersonPercep

5、tion:MakingJudgmentsAboutOthersAttributionTheoryExhibit6.2FundamentalAttributionErrorThetendencytounderestimatetheinfluenceofexternalfactorsandoverestimatetheinfluenceofinternalfactorswhenmakingjudgmentsaboutthebehaviourofothersIngeneral,wetendtoblamethepersonfirst,notthesituation.ErrorsandBiasesin

6、AttributionsSelf-ServingBiasThetendencyforindividualstoattributetheirownsuccessestointernalfactorswhileputtingtheblameforfailuresonexternalfactorsThought:Whenstudentsgetan'A'onanexam,theyoftensaytheystudiedhard.Butwhentheydon’tdowell,howdoestheself-servingbiascomeintoplay?Hint:Whosefaultisitusuallyw

7、henanexamis'tough'?ErrorsandBiasesinAttributions(cont’d)SelectivePerceptionPeopleselectivelyinterpretwhattheyseeonthebasisoftheirinterests,background,experience,andattitudes.FrequentlyUsedShortcutsinJ