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1、reviewarticleTRPchannelsascellularsensorsDavidE.ClaphamHowardHughesMedicalInstitute,PediatricCardiology,Children’sHospitalofBoston,DepartmentofNeurobiology,HarvardMedicalSchool,Enders1309,320LongwoodAvenue,Children’sHospital,Boston,Massachusetts02115,USA.......................................
2、....................................................................................................................................................................................TRPchannelsarethevanguardofoursensorysystems,respondingtotemperature,touch,pain,osmolarity,pheromones,tasteandoth
3、erstimuli.Buttheirroleismuchbroaderthanclassicalsensorytransduction.Theyareanancientsensoryapparatusforthecell,notjustthemulticellularorganism,andtheyhavebeenadaptedtorespondtoallmannerofstimuli,frombothwithinandoutsidethecell.4,5hehumangenomeencodeshundredsofchannelsthatperceiveandrespondtoh
4、ypertonicity.NematodesuseTRPbrokerthepassageofchargedionsacrossimpermeablechannelsatthetipsofneuronaldendritesintheir‘noses’todetect16lipidbilayers.Whileenergy-requiringpumpslabourtoandavoidnoxiouschemicals.Malemiceuseapheromone-sensing7buildchargeandconcentrationgradientsacrosstheTRPchannelt
5、otellmalesfromfemales.HumansuseTRPchannelsT8membrane,ionchannelsspendthisstoredenergy,toappreciatesweet,bitterandumami(aminoacid)tastes,andtomuchasaswitchreleasestheelectricalenergyofabattery.Smalldiscriminatewarmth,heatandcold.Ineachofthesecases,TRPsconformationalchangescausechannelstoopen,a
6、llowingovertenmediatesensorytransduction,notonlyinaclassicalsense,forthe2þmillionionstoflowpersecondthrougheachchannel.Caionsareentiremulticellularorganism,butalsoatthelevelofsinglecells.particularlyimportantincellularhomeostasisandactivity,andtheAlmostallmammalianTRPchannelgenesarenowknown.He
7、reIsurfaceofeachcellholdsthousandsofchannelsthatpreciselysummarizethecommoncharacteristicsofthediversemechanisms2þcontrolthetimingandentryofCaions.ofTRPchannelactivation,highlightingmajorquestionsthatremain9–15Transientreceptorpotential(TRP)c
