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1、TheEconomicStructureofIntellectualPropertyLawTheEconomicStructureofIntellectualPropertyLawWilliamM.LandesRichardA.PosnerTheBelknapPressofHarvardUniversityPressCambridge,Massachusetts,andLondon,England2003Copyright©2003bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollegeAllrightsreservedPrintedintheUnitedS
2、tatesofAmericaLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataLandes,WilliamM.Theeconomicstructureofintellectualpropertylaw/WilliamM.Landes,RichardA.Posner.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-674-01204-61.IntellectualpropertyUnitedStates.2.IntellectualpropertyEconomicaspects.I.P
3、osner,RichardA.II.Title.KF2979.L362003346.7304′8dc212003050882ContentsIntroduction11TheEconomicTheoryofProperty112HowtoThinkaboutCopyright373AFormalModelofCopyright714BasicCopyrightDoctrines855CopyrightinUnpublishedWorks1246FairUse,Parody,andBurlesque1477TheEconomicsofTrademarkLaw1668TheOptima
4、lDurationofCopyrightsandTrademarks2109TheLegalProtectionofPostmodernArt25410MoralRightsandtheVisualArtistsRightsAct27011TheEconomicsofPatentLaw29412ThePatentCourt:AStatisticalEvaluation33413TheEconomicsofTradeSecrecyLaw35414AntitrustandIntellectualProperty37215ThePoliticalEconomyofIntellectual
5、PropertyLaw403viviContentsConclusion420Acknowledgments425CaseIndex427AuthorIndex430SubjectIndex435IntroductionAwarenessthatintellectualpropertyraisesdistinctiveeconomicissueslongpredatesthemodernlawandeconomicsmovement.Byintellectualprop-ertywemeanideas,inventions,discoveries,symbols,images,ex
6、pressiveworks(verbal,visual,musical,theatrical),orinshortanypotentiallyvalu-ablehumanproduct(broadly,information)thathasanexistenceseparablefromauniquephysicalembodiment,whetherornottheproducthasactuallybeenpropertized,thatis,broughtunderalegalregimeofpropertyrights.Intellectualpropertyasweare
7、definingitisancientinorigin;trademarksintheirapproximatemodernsense,asindicatorsofthesourceoftradedgoods,wereincommonuseinancientRome.1Eventhemodernideathatproper-tizingintellectualpropertymaybenecessaryiftherearetobeadequatein-centivest