photochemistry-2014

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1、有机光化学及在有机合成中的应用•光化学的原理•光化学在有机合成的应用5Howaglowstickworks？1.PlasticcasingcoverstheinnerfluidPlasticcasingcoverstheinnerfluid.2.GlassvialcoversHydrogenPeroxide.3.PhenylOxalateandfluorescentdyesolution.PhenylOxalateandfluorescentdyesolution.4.HydrogenPeroxidesolution.5.Aftertheglassv

2、ialisbrokenandthesolutionsmix,theglowstickglows.Glowsticksgiveofflightwhenthefragileglasscontaiiiinerinsiddbkiebreaks,mixiihngthetwochhilemicalstogether.Thischemicalreactionthenspreadstothewholeggflowstickasthechemicalsmixfurther.Thisiswhyonlyasmallpartofthestickwillglowwhensna

3、ppedbutgivenafewsecondstheentirestickisglowingstickisglowing.2014‐05‐22ChemistryTheglowstickcontainstwochemicalsandasuitablefluorescentdye(sensitizer,orfluorophor).Thechemicalsintheglassvialareamixtureofthedyeanddiphenyloxalate.Thechemicalinsidetheplastictubeishdhydrogenperox

4、idide.MechanismOO2Luciferin+OLuciferaseSpontaneousR2OCCRCO+OC*Light212R1RLuciferase(Fireflyenzyme)Luciferase(Fireflyenzyme)NSHOSNOHOIntroductionPhthPhotochemitistry:-initiatedbyyglight-chemicallyusefullightisgenerallyintherangeof200-400nm-Absorptionofaprotoninduceanelectronictr

5、ansition(groundstateexcitedstate)UlUsualllCOdyC=OandCCC=CFormationofExcitedStatesofExcitedStatesPhotochemistry:Chemistryoftheexcitedstate.ResearchobjectofPhotochemistry:Whatisthechangeofexcitedstateonceamoleculeisexcitedbyabsorptionofaphoton.Formationofexcitedstates：Ground-s

6、tatemoleculesabsorbexternalenergyandelectrontransitionoccurs.Possibleexternalenergyinclude:Light,electricenergyandchemicalenergy,bioenergy,radiationenergy,thermalenergyetc.SomeSomeImportantLawsofPhotochemistrySomeImportantLawsofPhotochemistryLambert-BeerLawBeerLawInoptics,theB

7、eer–Lambertlaw,alsoknownasBeer'slawortheLambert–BeerlawortheBeer–Lambert–Bouguerlaw(infact,mostofthepermutationsofthesethreenamesappearsomewhereinliterature)isanempiricalrelationshipthatrelatestheabsorppftionofligghttothepproppfertiesofthematerialthrougghwhichtheligghtistravell

8、ing.Log(I/I)=A=lc0•Grotthuss–Draperlaw:Lightmustbeab