移动式轻金属折梯安全标准Titl

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1、EnglishPronunciationforCommunicationAPracticalCourseforStudentsofEnglishByWangGuizhenFacultyofEnglishLanguage&CultureGuangdongUniversityofForeignStudiesConsonantsoftheEnglishLanguage&ChineseEFLLearner’sDifficultiesintheLearningProcessWhyusephonemicsymbols?Thealphabet

2、whichweusetowriteEnglishhas26lettersbut(British)Englishhas44sounds.Inevitably,EnglishspellingisnotareliableguidetopronunciationbecauseSomelettershavemorethanonesoundSometimeslettersarenotpronouncedatallThesamesoundmayberepresentedbydifferentlettersSometimessyllablesind

3、icatedbythespellingarenotpronouncedatallQuestions:Howdoyoupronounceghin'enough','through'and'ghost'?(likefinfun,notpronounced,likegingot)Howmanysyllablesaretherein'chocolate'?PhonemesLinguistsclassifythespeechsoundsusedinalanguageintoanumberofabstractcategoriescalledph

4、onemes.English,forexample,has44phonemes,althoughthenumbervariesaccordingtothedialectofthespeakerandthesystemoftheclassification.Phonemesareabstractcategorieswhichallowustogrouptogethersubsetsofspeechsounds.Eventhoughnotwospeechsounds,orphones,areidentical,allofthephone

5、sclassifiedintoonephonemecategoryaresimilarenoughsothattheyconveythesamemeaning.DescriptionoftheEnglishconsonantsEnglishconsonantscanbeclassifiedaccordingto1.thepointsofarticulation2.themannersofarticulation3.thestateofthevocalcordsPointsofarticulation1.bilabial(twolip

6、s)2.labio-dental(topteeth/bottomlip)3.dental(tonguetip/topteeth)4.alveolar(tonguetip/toothridge)5.postalveolar(tonguetipormid/hardpalate)6.palatal(tonguemid/hardpalate)7.velar(tongueback/softpalate)8.glottalMannersofarticulation1.Stops(orplosives)2.Fricatives3.Affricat

7、es4.Nasals5.Lateral6.ApproximantsEnglishConsonants1.Stops/Plosives-Englishhassixburstsorexplosivesoundsproducedbycompleteclosureofthevocaltractfollowedbyarapidreleaseoftheclosure-'p','t','k','b','d','g'.2.Fricatives-Englishhasninefricatives-weakorstrongfrictionnoisespr

8、oducedwhenthearticulatorsarecloseenoughtogethertocauseturbulenceintheairflow.3.Affricates-Englishhastwoaffricates-plo