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1、新制度经济学简明术语表BriefGlossaryforNewInstitutionalEconomicsCompiledbyAlexandraBenham
2、Collectiveaction
3、Commons
4、Contract
5、Corruption
6、Governancestructure
7、
8、Informaleconomy
9、Institution
10、NewInstitutionalEconomics
11、Opportunitycost
12、
13、Organization
14、Pathdependence
15、Propertyrights
16、Rent-seeking
17、Socialcapital
18、
19、Socialcost
20、Tra
21、nsaction
22、Transactioncosts
23、InstitutionTherulesofthegame:thehumanlydevisedconstraintsthatstructurehumaninteraction.Theyaremadeupofformalconstraints(suchasrules,laws,constitutions),informalconstraints(suchasnormsofbehavior,conventions,self-imposedcodesofconduct),andtheirenforcementcharacteristics.RefN
24、ewInstitutionalEconomicsIncorporatesatheoryofinstitutionsintoeconomics.Itbuildson,modifies,andextendsneoclassicaltheory.Itretainsandbuildsonthefundamentalassumptionofscarcityandhencecompetition-thebasisofthechoicetheoreticapproachthatunderliesmicroeconomics.Ithasdevelopedasamovementwithinthesocials
25、ciences,especiallyeconomicsandpoliticalscience,thatunitestheoreticalandempiricalresearchexaminingtheroleofinstitutionsinfurtheringorpreventingeconomicgrowth.Itincludesworkintransactioncosts,politicaleconomy,propertyrights,hierarchyandorganization,andpublicchoice.MostscholarsviewtheworkofRonaldCoase
26、asacentralinspirationforthefield.RefOrganizationAgroupofindividualsboundbysomecommonpurposetoachieveobjectives.Organizationsincludepoliticalbodies(politicalparties,regulatoryagencies),economicbodies(firms,tradeunions),socialbodies(churches,clubs),andeducationalbodies(schools,universities).Notethat
27、theterm"institution"referstotherulesofthegame,whereas"organization"referstoplayersofthegame.RefTransactionAtransactionoccurswhenagoodorserviceistransferredacrossatechnologicallyseparableinterface.RefTransactioncostsThecostsofresourcesutilizedforthecreation,maintenance,use,andchangeofinstitutionsando
28、rganizations.Theyincludethecostsofdefiningandmeasuringresourcesorclaims,thecostsofutilizingandenforcingtherightsspecified,andthecostsofinformation,negotiation,andenforcement.RefPropertyrightsTherearet
