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1、ChapterIADVANCESINREGIONALECONOMICSPETERNIJKAMPandEDWINS.MILLS1.PrologueRegionaleconomicsanalyzesthespatialdispersionandcoherenceofeconomicactivities.Althoughitisafairlyrecentdiscipline,thehistoryofeconomicsshowsvariousearlyattemptstoexplicitlyaddressspatia
2、lissues,e.g.incomparativecosttheoriesandinternationaltradetheories.Furthermore,variouspathfindingcon-tributionstospatialeconomicanalysescanbefoundintheworkofVonThiinen,Weber,Palander,Hotelling,Predbhl,Christaller,Lschandothers.Buttherealtake-offofregionalec
3、onomicsasaseparatedisciplinedidnottakeplacebeforeWorldWarII.Infact,itwasnotuntilthemidfiftiesthatregionaleconomicscameintobeingasanacceptedanalyticalframeworkforstudyingtheimplica-tionsofgeographicallocation-allocationproblems.Sincethen,regionaleconom-ics(a
4、ndlater,urbaneconomics)hasmadeformidableprogressinachievingafurtherunderstandingofthestructureandevolutionofspatialeconomicsystems.Initially,muchofthefieldofregionaleconomicswasbasedonananalogytogeneraleconomics,themaindifferencebeingtheexplicittreatmentofg
5、eographi-calspaceasasourceofvariouslocation-allocationphenomena.Illustrativeexamplesinthiscontextare:linearprogrammingmodelsfortransportationanalysis,spatialsubstitutionproblemsinneoclassicalproductiontheories,inter-regionalinput-outputanalysis,andsoforth.I
6、nalaterstage,however,moreemphasiswasplacedontheindigenousfeaturesofgeographicalspaceanditsimplicationsforthespatio-temporalevolutionofcomplexspatialeconomicsystems.Examplescanbefoundinteraliaindiscretechoicemodelsforspatialchoicebehavior,andinevolutionaryth
7、eoriesoninnovationandspatialdynamics.Atpresent,regionaleconomicsappearstobearichdisciplinewithagreatmanylinkagestourbaneconomicproblems,transportationproblemsandnaturalresourceproblems.Assuchitisalsoabletogenerateaunifyingapproachtoproblemsemergingatthecros
8、s-roadsofeconomicsandgeography.HandbookofRegionalandUrbanEconomics,VolumeI,EditedbyP.Nijkamp©ElsevierSciencePublishersBV,19862P.NijkampandE.S.MillsAcloserlookatthehistoryandthecurrentachievementsofregi
