研究设计实验研究的基本问题

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1、SchoolofPublicAdministration&PolicyDr.KaifengYang研究设计:实验研究的基本问题问题研究设计的核心要诣实验设计的基本过程和环节实验设计的影响因素Giventheresearchquestion,whattypeofevidenceisneededtoanswerthequestion(ortestthetheory)inaconvincingway?Why?MakingdecisionstoensurevalidityPlanning:howtocollect,analyze,andinte

2、rpretdatainordertotesthypothesesWhoWhereWhatHowWhenCanresultsbegeneralized(externalvalidity)?Aretherelationshipstrue(internalvalidity)?TimeorderifnecessarySchooltypeAcademicAchiv.Child’sabilitySchooltypeAcademicAchiv.ParentresourceHomefacilitySchooltypeAcademicAchiv.Paren

3、teducationvalueChildvaluationSchooltypeAcademicAchiv.Key:Dealingwithrivalhypotheses(anotherexample)WhenyouobserveXandYco-vary,thereasonmaybe:xyz1xyz2xyz3xyz4xyz5xyz6CopingwithRivalHypothesesOperationFright--JuvenileDelinquencyVisitprison…months….70%notarrestedEvenwithout

4、theprogram,nomorethan30%wouldhavebeenarrestedFamilybackground:VolunteeredaredifferentCommittedcrimesbutnotbeencaughtOnlytemporaryeffectsParticipationlabelsthemaspotentialcriminalsTheNewDesignTwogroups:similarcharacteristicsrelevanttodelinquency;oneattendtheprogram,another

5、not.InterviewbothgroupsaboutdelinquentactivityandfamilybackgroundbeforetheprogramInterviewallfamiliesOneyearafterthevisit,interviewbothgroupsaboutdelinquentactivityandchangesinfamilyDuringstep4,alsocheckarrestandconvictionrecordsforbothgroupsTwoyearsafterthevisit,repeatst

6、eps4and5Threeyearsafter,repeat4and5.问题研究设计的核心要诣实验设计的基本过程和环节实验设计的影响因素PretestStimulusPosttestRandomizationOrmatchingComparabilityCompareCompareExp.ControlStagingExperimentsPretestingSubjectrecruitmentIntrotoexperimentManipulationofindepvariableMeasurementofdepvariableDebrie

7、fingAcquisitionofinformedconsentRandomassignmentManipulationcheckKeyFeaturesofExperimentalApproach1.Manipulation2.ControlTotesthypotheses,theexperimenterdeliberatelyintroduceschangesintotheenvironmentsofsubjectsandobservesormeasurestheeffectsofthechanges.RandomAssignmentv

8、s.RandomSamplingRandomsamplingisamethodofdrawingasampleofcases,suchasthepoolofsubjectsinanexperi