资源描述:
《定语从句及五种基本句型》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、定语从句专题一、基本概念: 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如: Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingjustnow? Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有:that,who,whom,whose,which; 关系副词有:when,where,why.
2、二、关系词的用法: (一)关系代词的用法: 1.作主语用who,which和that,如: Heistheman_______livesnextdoor. Thetrain________hasjustleftisforShenzhen. 2.作宾语用whom,who,which,that,如: Theman_________wehavejustseenisafamouswriter. Whereisthebook_________Iboughtlastweek? 3.作定语用whose,如:
3、(a)Heistheman________carwasstolenlastweek. (b)Itwasameeting________importanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime. 注:“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如上a句),又能作宾语(如上b句)。whose的先行词常用来指人,但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念,这时可以与ofwhich结构互换,词序是:“名词+ofwhich”,如: Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhad
4、brokendown..(=thebackwallofwhich)He’swrittenabookthenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.(=whosename) 4.作表语只用that,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。如: Heisnolongertheman_______heusedtobe. Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace_______itusedtobe. (二)关系副词的用法: 1.when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行
5、词通常有:time,day,morning,night,week,year等。如: Istillrememberthetime_______Ifirstbecameacollegestudent. Doyouknowthedate_______LiHuawasborn? 2.where指地点,在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有:place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country,situation,point等,如: Thisisthehotel_______
6、__theyarestaying. Iforgetthehouse_________theSmithslived. 注:where有时也可以省略。如: Thisistheplace(where)wemetyesterday. 3.why指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reason。如: Thatisthereason________heisleavingsosoon. 注:why时常也可以省略。如: Thatistherealreason(why)hedidit. (三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点:
7、 1.这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构: when=on(in,at,during…)+which; where=in(at,on…)+which; why=forwhich.如: IwasinBeijingontheday_________hearrived. Theoffice___________heworksisonthethirdfloor. Thisisthechiefreason__________wedidit. 2.当先行词是表时间的time,day等和
8、表地点的place,house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where,试比较: I’llneverforgettheday_______________Ileavedmyhometown. I’llneverforgetthedays______________wespenttog