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1、RecentPatentsonNanotechnology2007,1,67-7367RecentProgressinInorganicSolarCellsUsingQuantumStructuresSeungY.Myong*DepartmentofPhysicalElectronics,TokyoInstituteofTechnology,2-12-1O-okayama,Meguro-ku,Tokyo152-8552,JapanReceived:December26,2006;Accepted:December29,2006;Revised:January6,2006Abstract:T
2、hermalizationofphotogeneratedcarriersinbulkmaterialsisthemainbottleneckfortheconversionefficiencyofconventionalinorganicsolarcells.Furthermore,despiteextensiveresearch,theachievedconversionefficiencyisnearlysaturatedduringthelastdecade.Therefore,newdeviceconceptstobreakthroughtheefficiencybarriera
3、rehighlyrequested.Nanotechnologiesarethebuildingblocksfornext-generationsolarcells,becauselow-dimensionalquantumstructurescanpossiblyreducethermalizationandextendthelightabsorptionrange.Hereafter,recentlyinventedinorganicsolarcellsusingquantumstructureswillbereviewed.Keywords:Inorganicsolarcell,mu
4、ltiplequantumwell,superlattice,quantumdot,multilayer,nanorod.INTRODUCTIONBecauseofglobalwarmingdeeplyrelatedtoemissionofCO2andoilcrisis,energyrankshumanity’stopissuefornext50years.Accordingly,clean,renewableenergyinclu-dingsolar,windandhydrogenenergybecomesaprimeissue.Thesolarcellsusingsolarlighta
5、repromisingcandi-datesamongrenewableenergytechnologies,becausethesunisourprimarysourceofclean,abundantenergy.Since120,000TWofsolarradiationstrikesonthesurfaceoftheEarth,10%efficientsolarconversionsystemscovering0.16%ofthelandontheEarthwouldproduce20TWofpower,nearlytwicetheannualglobalenergyconsump
6、tion[1].Duringthepast9years,therehasbeenanexplosive,worldwideincreaseinsolarmodulemarket(~40%ofanannualincrease).Becausebulkcrystallinesilicon(c-Si)modulesshare90%ofmarket,therecentshortageofc-Siwafershasincreasedtheproductioncostofsolarmodules.Inaddition,theconversionefficiencyofconventionalbulk-
7、semiconductor-basedsolarcellsisseverelylimitedbythermalizationofphotogeneratedcarriersinlattice;excessphotonenergylargerthantheopticalbandgapiseasilyFig.(1).Densityofstates(DOS)inthesemiconductors;(a)0Dconvertedi
