Process_Diagrams（过程图表）

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1、30678_12_ch12_p251-270.qxd06/09/200611:14Page251MASTER➁ProcessDiagramsOBJECTIVESAfterstudyingthischapter,thestudentwillbeableto:•Reviewprocessdiagramsymbols.•Describetheuseofprocessdiagramsandtheinformationtheycontain.•Drawaprocessflowdiagram.•Drawaprocessandinstrumentdra

2、wing.•Describethevariousprocessequipmentrelationships.25130678_12_ch12_p251-270.qxd06/09/200611:14Page252MASTER➁Chapter12●ProcessDiagramsKeyTermsElectricaldrawings—symbolsanddiagramsthatdepictanelectricalprocess.Elevationdrawings—agraphicalrepresentationthatshowsthelocat

3、ionofprocessequipmentinrelationtoexistingstructuresandgroundlevel.Equipmentlocationdrawings—showtheexactfloorplanforlocationofequipmentinrelationtotheplan’sphysicalboundaries.Flowdiagram—asimplifiedsketchthatusessymbolstoidentifyinstrumentsandvesselsandtodescribetheprimary

4、flowpaththroughaunit.Foundationdrawings—concrete,wiremesh,andsteelspecificationsthatidentifywidth,depth,andthicknessoffootings,supportbeams,andfoundation.Legends—adocumentusedtodefinesymbols,abbreviations,prefixes,andspecializedequipment.Processandinstrumentdrawing(P&ID)—aco

5、mplexdiagramthatusesprocesssymbolstodescribeaprocessunit;alsocalledpipingandinstrumentationdrawing.TypesofProcessDiagramsProcessdiagramscanbebrokendownintotwomajorcategories:processflowdiagrams(PFDs)andprocessandinstrumentdrawings(P&IDs),sometimescalledpipingandinstrument

6、ationdrawings.Aflowdiagramisasimpleillustrationthatusesprocesssymbolstodescribetheprimaryflowpaththroughaunit.Aprocessflowdiagramprovidesaquicksnapshotoftheoperatingunit.Flowdiagramsincludeallprimaryequipmentandflows.Atechniciancanusethisdocumenttotracetheprimaryflowofchemica

7、lsthroughtheunit.Secondaryorminorflowsarenotincluded.Complexcon-trolloopsandinstrumentationarenotincluded.Theflowdiagramisusedforvisitorinformationandnewemployeetraining.Aprocessandinstrumentdrawingismorecomplex.TheP&IDincludesagraphicrepresentationoftheequipment,piping,an

8、dinstrumentation.Mod-ernprocesscontrolcanbeclearlyinsertedintothedrawingtoprovideaprocesstechnicianwith