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1、2010年诺贝尔化学奖获得者及其主要贡献美国化学家RichardF.Heck日本科学家根岸荣一和铃木章贡献①HeckReactionThepalladium-catalyzedC-Ccouplingbetweenarylhalidesorvinylhalidesandactivatedalkenesinthepresenceofabaseisreferredasthe"HeckReaction".Recentdevelopmentsinthecatalystsandreactionconditionshaveresultedina
2、muchbroaderrangeofdonorsandacceptorsbeingamenabletotheHeckReaction.OneofthebenefitsoftheHeckReactionisitsoutstandingtransselectivity.机理最近文献AnEfficientandGeneralMethodfortheHeckandBuchwald-HartwigCouplingReactionsofArylChloridesD.-H.Lee,A.Taher,S.Hossain,M.-J.Jin,Org.L
3、ett.,2011,13,5540-5543.Palladium-CatalyzedHeckReactionofArylChloridesunderMildConditionsPromotedbyOrganicIonicBasesH.-J.Xu,Y.-Q.Zhao,X.-F.Zhou,J.Org.Chem.,2011,76,8036-8041.EfficientAqueous-PhaseHeckReactionCatalyzedbyaRobustHydrophilicPyridine-BridgedBisbenzimidazoly
4、lidene-PalladiumPincerComplexZ.Wang,X.Feng,W.Fang,T.Tu,Synlett,2011,951-954.Anefficientandsimpleprotocolforphosphine-freeHeckreactionsinwaterinthepresenceofaPd(L-proline)2complexasthecatalystundercontrolledmicrowaveirradiationconditionsisversatileandprovidesexcellenty
5、ieldsofproductsinshortreactiontimes.Thereactionsystemminimizescosts,operationalhazardsandenvironmentalpollution.B.K.Allam,K.N.Singh,Synthesis,2011,1125-1131.①SuzukiCouplingTheschemeaboveshowsthefirstpublishedSuzukiCoupling,whichisthepalladium-catalysedcrosscouplingbet
6、weenorganoboronicacidandhalides.Recentcatalystandmethodsdevelopmentshavebroadenedthepossibleapplicationsenormously,sothatthescopeofthereactionpartnersisnotrestrictedtoaryls,butincludesalkyls,alkenylsandalkynyls.Potassiumtrifluoroboratesandorganoboranesorboronateesters
7、maybeusedinplaceofboronicacids.Somepseudohalides(forexampletriflates)mayalsobeusedascouplingpartners.机理OnedifferencebetweentheSuzukimechanismandthatoftheStilleCouplingisthattheboronicacidmustbeactivated,forexamplewithbase.Thisactivationoftheboronatomenhancesthepolaris
8、ationoftheorganicligand,andfacilitatestransmetallation.Ifstartingmaterialsaresubstitutedwithbaselabilegroups(forexampleester
