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1、TheSurveyofBritishLiterature计科1102班张健学号2011013762Literatureisatermusedtodescribewrittenorspokenmaterial.Broadlyspeaking,itisusedtodescribeanythingfromcreativewritingtomoretechnicalorscientificworks,butthetermismostcommonlyusedtorefertoworksofthecreativeimagination,includingworkso
2、fpoetry,drama,fiction,andnonfiction.ThesurveyofBritishliteraturecanbedevidedinto7periods.OldandMedievalperiods(450---1066)AfterthefalloftheRomanEmpireandthewithdrawalofRomantroopsfromAlbion,theaboriginalCelticpopulationofthelargerpartoftheislandwassoonconqueredandalmosttotallyext
3、erminatedbytheTeutonictribesofAngles,SaxonsandJuteswhocamefromthecontinentandsettledintheisland,namingitscentralpartAnglia,orEngland.FornearlyfourhundredyearspriortothecomingoftheEnglish,BritainhadbeenaRomanprovince.In410A.D.theRomanswithdrewtheirlegionsfromBritaintoprotectRomehe
4、rselfagainstswarmsofTeutonicinvaders.About449abandofTeutons,calledJutes,leftDenmark,landedontheIsleofThanet.WarriorsfromthetribesoftheAnglesandtheSaxonssoonfollowed,anddrovewestwardtheoriginalinhabitants.Theliteratureofthisperiodfallsnaturallyintotwodivisions,---ReligiousandSecul
5、ar.InreadingtheearliestpoetryofEnglanditiswelltorememberthatallofitwascopiedbythemonks,andseemstohavebeenmoreorlessalteredtogiveitareligiouscoloring.TheSongofBeowulfcanbejustlytermedEngland’snationalepicanditsheroBeowulf---oneofthenationalheroesoftheEnglishpeople.Theonlyexistingm
6、anuscriptofTheSongofBeowulfwaswrittenbyanunknownscribeatthebeginningofthe10thcenturyandwasnotdiscovereduntil1750.TheSongwascomposedmuchearlier,andreflectseventswhichtookplaceontheContinentapproximatelyatthebeginningofthe6thcentury,whentheforefathersoftheJuteslivedinthesouthernpar
7、toftheScandinavianpeninsulaandmaintainedcloserelationswithkindredtribes,e.g.withtheDaneswholivedontheothersideofthestraits.Medievalperiods(1066---mid-14thcentury)Intheyear1066,atthebattleofHastings,theNormansheadedbyWilliam,DukeofNormandy,defeatedtheAnglo-Saxons.TheNormanswereori
8、ginallyahardyraceofsearoversinhabitingSc
