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1、古罗马的故事ThePantheonherewasbuiltbytheEmperorHaydrianinthe2ndcenturyADandits1)domeisstilloneofthelargest2)concretedomesintheworld.It's50yardsacrossanditsconcreteisupto20feetthick.Theword"concrete"comesfromtheLatin"concretus",meaninggrowntogetherorharden.Romanconcretewasam
2、ixtureofsand,powdered3)limestoneandstone4)rubble,prettywellwhatitistoday.Toconstruct5)archesand6)vaults,theRomansalsodevelopedalightening.Andthehighertheywentthelightertheymadetheconcrete.Inthiswaytheycouldroofovermuchlargerareasthanwouldbepossiblewithstone.Butoneofth
3、eproblemswithconcreteisthatevenafterit'shardened,itstillabsorbswater.SotheRomansaddedamixof7)volcanic8)cindersandclaycalled"Potsularna".Potsularnareactswiththe9)limeinthe10)mortarandsetsquickly.Andmostimportantofall,it'sresistanttowater.TheRomanshadinventeddampproofco
4、ncrete,andtheyuseditforthefoundationsofbuildingslikethepantheon,forliningreservoirsandforconstructingharbors.ConcreteallowedtheRomanstobuildbigandfast,andthus11)imposetheirauthorityontribesstilllivinginsimplestructuresofwoodormud.Concretemaywellhavebeenoneofthesecretw
5、eaponsoftheRomanEmpire.古罗马的故事万神殿是哈第安皇帝在公元2世纪时建立的，它的圆顶至今仍是世界上最大的混凝土圆顶之一。宽有50码，混凝土厚达20英尺。混凝土"一词来自拉丁语"concretus"，意思是粘合在一起或硬化。罗马的混凝土是把沙子、石灰粉和碎石掺合到一块来，和今天的做法很相似。为了建造拱门与拱顶结构，罗马人还发展了减压技术。建得越高，所用的混凝土也就越轻。他们用此办法搭建的屋顶面积比用石头搭建的要大得多。可混凝土的一个问题是，即使变硬以后，它仍然吸水。所以罗马人又添加进一种火山灰与黏土的混合物，称
6、为"波修拉那"。波修那拉与灰泥中的石灰产生反应，可以快速定型。最重要的是它还防水。罗马人发明出防湿混凝土，用它来建造万神殿这样的建筑基础，用来围水库、起港口。混凝土使罗马人的建筑宏大、建筑速度更快，并加强了他们对依然居住在泥木搭建的简单结构里的部族的统治。混凝土也许一直是罗马帝国的秘密武器之一。1)domen.圆屋顶2)concreten.混凝土3)limestonen.石灰石4)rubblen.碎石5)archn.拱门6)vaultn.拱顶7)volcanica.火山的8)cindern.灰9)limen.石灰10)mortar
7、n.灰泥11)imposev.加强亚克天使Severalyearsago,IrisArcCrystal,acompanyIco-foundedwithFrancescaPatruno,experienceda1)lullinbusiness.Wehadrecentlyhiredseveralnewemployeesandhopedthatthe2)slowdownwasonlytemporary.However,inthemeantime,wehadworkenoughforonlyfourdaysoftheweek.So,ins
8、teadofletting20percentofourworkforcegoorsendingthemhomeonedayperweek,wedecidedthatwewouldkeepeveryoneonthe3)payrollfortheent
