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1、GNUPLOT-ABriefManualandTutorialDepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineeringEdmundT.PrattSchoolofEngineeringDukeUniversity-Box90287,Durham,NC27708-02871.GNUPLOT-version3.7.1Gnuplotisafree,command-driven,interactive,functionanddataplottingprogram.Gnuplotcanberunu
2、nderDOS,Windows,MacintoshOS,BeOS,OS2,VMS,Linux,andmanyothers.OnUnix/LinuxsystemsstartGnuplotbysimplytyping:gnuplotRecentpre-compileddevelopmentversionsofGnuplot,version3.8*,maybedownloadedhereforWindows,hereforOS2andhereforLinux.Theimportantenhancementsprovided
3、byversion3.8*aredescribedhere.Forhelponanytopictypehelpfollowedbythenameofthetopic.Fulldocumentationisprovidedhere.IfyouwanttotryoutGnuplotwithoutdownloadingitfirst,youcanusethisweb-enabledGnuplotinterface.2.FUNCTIONSIngeneral,anymathematicalexpressionacceptedb
4、yC,FORTRAN,Pascal,orBASICmaybeplotted.TheprecedenceofoperatorsisdeterminedbythespecificationsoftheCprogramminglanguage.Thesupportedfunctionsinclude:__________________________________________________________FunctionReturns----------------------------------------
5、-------------abs(x)absolutevalueofx,
6、x
7、acos(x)arc-cosineofxasin(x)arc-sineofxatan(x)arc-tangentofxcos(x)cosineofx,xisinradians.cosh(x)hyperboliccosineofx,xisinradianserf(x)errorfunctionofxexp(x)exponentialfunctionofx,baseeinverf(x)inverseerrorfunctionofxinvnorm
8、(x)inversenormaldistributionofxlog(x)logofx,baseelog10(x)logofx,base10norm(x)normalGaussiandistributionfunctionrand(x)pseudo-randomnumbergeneratorsgn(x)1ifx>0,-1ifx<0,0ifx=0sin(x)sineofx,xisinradianssinh(x)hyperbolicsineofx,xisinradianssqrt(x)thesquarerootofxta
9、n(x)tangentofx,xisinradianstanh(x)hyperbolictangentofx,xisinradians___________________________________________________________Bessel,gamma,ibeta,igamma,andlgammafunctionsarealsosupported.Manyfunctionscantakecomplexarguments.Binaryandunaryoperatorsarealsosupport
10、ed.ThesupportedoperatorsinGnuplotarethesameasthecorrespondingoperatorsintheCprogramminglanguage,exceptthatmostoperatorsacceptinteger,real,andcomplexarguments.The**operator(e
