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1、1,天安门Tian'anmen(theGateofHeavenlyPeace),islocatedinthecenterofBeijing.Itwasfirstbuiltin1417andnamedChengtianmen(theGateofHeavenlySuccession).AttheendoftheMingDynasty,itwasseriouslydamagedbywar.WhenitwasrebuiltundertheQingin1651,itwasrenamedTian'anmen,andservedasthem
2、ainentrancetotheImperialCity,theadministrativeandresidentialquartersforcourtofficialsandretainers.ThesouthernsectionsoftheImperialCitywallstillstandonbothsidesoftheGate.Thetoweratthetopofthegateisnine-roomwideandfive–roomdeep.AccordingtotheBookofChanges,thetwonumber
3、snineandfive,whencombined,symbolizethesupremestatusofasovereign.DuringtheMingandQingdynasties,Tian'anmenwastheplacewherestateceremoniestookplace.Themostimportantoneofthemwastheissuingofimperialedicts,whichfollowedthesesteps: 2)TheMinisterwouldputthetrayinaminiature
4、longting(dragonpavilion).BeneathayellowumbrellaandcarryitviaWumen(MeridianGate),toTian'anmenGatetower.3)Acourtierwouldbeinvestedtoproclaimtheedict.Thecivilandmilitaryofficialsliningbothsidesofthegatewaybeneaththetowerwouldprostratethemselvesinthedirectionoftheempero
5、rinwaitingforthedecreetotheproclaimed. 4)Theedict,copiedonyellowpaper,wouldbemadeknowntothewholecountry.Suchaprocesswashistoricallyrecordedas"ImperialEdictIssuedbyGoldenPhoenix".DuringtheMingandQingdynastiesTian'anmenwasthemostimportantpassage.ItwasthisgatethattheE
6、mperorandhisretinuewouldgothroughontheirwaytothealtarsforritualandreligiousactivities. ThestreaminfrontofTian'anmeniscalledWaijinshuihe(OuterGoldenRiver),withsevenmarblebridgesspanningoverit.Ofthesesevenbridges,historicalrecordssaythemiddleonewasfortheexclusiveuseo
7、ftheemperorandwasaccordinglycalledYuluqiao(ImperialBridge).ThebridgesflankingitoneithersideweremeantforthemembersoftheroyalfamilyandwerethereforecalledWanggongqiao(Royal'sBridges).Fartherawayoneachsideofthetwowerebridgesforofficialsrankingabovethethirdorderandwerena
8、medPinjiqiao(ministerialBridges).TheremainingtwobridgeswerefortheusebytheretinuebelowthethirdorderandwerecalledGongshengqiao(commonBridges
