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1、剑桥3test4passage1READINGPASSAGE1Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.PartOneAAirpollutionisincreasinglybecomingthefocusofgovernmentandcitizenconcernaroundtheglobe.FromMexicoCityandNewYork,toSingaporeandTokyo,newsolutionstothisoldp
2、roblemarebeingproposed,trailedandimplementedwitheverincreasingspeed.Itisfearedthatunlesspollutionreductionmeasuresareabletokeeppacewiththecontinuedpressuresofurbangrowth,airqualityinmanyoftheworld’smajorcitieswilldeterioratebeyondreason.BActionisbeingtakenalongseveralfro
3、nts:throughnewlegislation,improvedenforcementandinnovativetechnology.InLosAngeles,stateregulationsareforcingmanufacturerstotrytosellevercleanercars:theirfirstofthecleanest,titled"ZeroEmissionVehicles’,havetobeavailablesoon,sincetheyareintendedtomakeup2percentofsalesin199
4、7.LocalauthoritiesinLondonarecampaigningtobeallowedtoenforceanti-pollutionlawsthemselves;atpresentonlythepolicehavethepowertodoso,buttheytendtobebusyelsewhere.InSingapore,rentingoutroadspacetousersisthewayofthefuture.CWhenBritain’sRoyalAutomobileClubmonitoredtheexhaustso
5、f60,000vehicles,itfoundthat12percentofthemproducedmorethanhalfthetotalpollution.Oldercarsweretheworstoffenders;thoughasizeablenumberofquitenewcarswerealsoidentifiedasgrosspolluters,theyweresimplybadlytuned.Californiahasdevelopedaschemetogetthesegrosspollutersoffthestreet
6、s:theyofferaflat$700foranyold,run-downvehicledriveninbyitsowner.Theaimistoremovetheheaviest-polluting,mostdecrepitvehiclesfromtheroads.DAspartofaEuropeanUnionenvironmentalprogramme,aLondoncouncilisrestinganinfra-redspectrometerfromtheUniversityofDenverinColorado.Itgauges
7、thepollutionfromapassingvehicle-moreusefulthantheannualstationaryrestthatistheBritishstandardtodaybybouncingabeamthroughtheexhaustandmeasuringwhatgetsblocked.Thecouncilsnextstepmaybetolinkthesystemtoacomputerizedvideocameraabletoreadnumberplatesautomatically.ETheeffortto
8、cleanupcarsmaydolittletocutpollutionifnothingisdoneaboutthetendencytodrivethemmore.LosAngeleshassomeoft
