公共经济学术语(作业)

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1、公共经济学专业术语ProfessionalTermsinPublicEconomics第一章绪论Chapter1Introductiono纯公共部门与准公共部门PurePublicsector/quasi-publicsectoro第三部门TheThirdSectoro非盈利组织与非政府组织NPO/NGOo规范分析与实证分析NormativeandPositiveAnalysiso成本收益法Cost-benefitAnalysiso博弈论GameTheoryAnalysiso归纳与演义法Induc

2、tionandDeductiono边际报酬递减规律lawofdiminishingmarginalreturnso合作博弈（cooperativegame）o非合作博弈（non-cooperativegame）o智猪博弈（PigsPayoffs/PigsGame/BoxedPigs)o猎鹿博弈(StagHuntGame)o投票博弈(VotingGame)第二章资源配置与政府职能Chapter2ResourcesAllocationandGovernmentFunction2.1资源配置2.1Res

3、ourcesAllocationo混合经济MixedEconomicModelo资源最优配置OptimalResourcesAllocationo公平与效率EquityandEfficiencyo卡尔多－希克斯定理Karldor-HicksPrincipleo帕累托最优ParetoOptimal?o帕累托无效ParetoInvalid?o帕累托改进ParetoImprovement?o效用可能性曲线TheUtilityPossibilitiesCurveo边际社会成本与边际社会收益（MSR/MSC

4、MarginalSocialCost/MarginalSocialCost)o洛伦茨曲线LorentzCurveo基尼系数GiniCoefficiento漏桶原理TheMetaphorofaLeakyBucket2.2市场失灵与政府职能2.2MarketFailureandGovernmentFunctiono市场失灵MarketFailureo不完全竞争ImperfectCompetitiono国家垄断与寡头垄断StateMonopoly&Oligopolyo囚徒困境Prisoner'sDile

5、mmao搭便车Free-rideo信息不对称理论AsymmetricInformationo逆向选择Adverseselectiono优值品与劣值品Meritgoodsanddemeritgoodso马太效应Mattheweffect第三章公共产品与外部性Chapter3PublicGoodsandExternalitieso纯公共产品与准公共产品PurePublicGoods/Quasi-publicGoodso非排他性与非竞争性Non-excludability/Non-rivalrousne

6、ssConsumptiono正外部性与负外部性Positiveexternality/negativeexternalityo外部性内在化InternalizationofExternalitieso公地悲剧TragedyoftheCommonso科斯定理TheCoaseTheorem第四章公共选择Chapter4PublicChoicesp一致投票规则UnanimityVotingRulep多数投票规则MajorityVotingRulep投票悖论VotingParadoxp单峰偏好与多峰偏好S

7、ingleandMultiplepeakedpreference;p阿罗不可能定理Arrow’sImpossibilityTheoremp否决投票规则VetoVoteRulep中位选民定理TheMedianVoterTheoremp用脚投票VotingbyFootp寻租rent-seeking/profit-seeking第五章公共支出Chapter5PublicExpenditurep消耗性支出（购买性支出）ExhaustiveExpendituresp转移性支付TransferExpendit

8、uresp政府采购GovernmentProcurementp社会保障支出SocialSecurityExpendituresp财政补贴支出FiscalSubsidyExpendituresp公共支出预算PublicExpenditureBudgetpPPBS(planning-programming-budgetingSystem)第六章公共收入Chapter6PublicRevenuep公共收入PublicRevenuep收入税、财产税、营业税、销售税和消费税（IncomeTa