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1、Influenza:epidemiology,preventionandcontrolTomD.Y.Chin,MD.MPHDepartmentofPreventiveMedicineandofMedicineUniversityofKansasMedicalCenterImportanceofInfluenzaOneofthemostimportantEmergingandReemerginginfectiousdiseasesCauseshighmorbidityandmortalityincommunities(epidemic)andworldwide(
2、pandemic)EpidemicsareassociatedwithexcessmortalityLeadingCausesofDeathsintheUSHeartDiseaseCancerCVDChrObstLungDisAccidentsPneumonia&InfluenzaDiabetesMellitusHIVSuicideHomicideLeadingCausesofDeathsintheUSHeartDiseaseCancerCVDChrObstLungDisAccidentsPneumonia&InfluenzaDiabetesMellitusH
3、IVSuicideHomicideCharacteristicsofInfluenzaVirusTypesA,B,CDiameter80-120nmPleomorphic,spherical,filamentousparticlesSingle-strandedRNASegmentedgenome,8segmentsinAandBHemagglutininandNeuraminidaseonsurfaceofvirionCausativeAgentofInfluenzaCausedbyavirusbelongingtotheMYXOVIRUSgroupwhic
4、hcomprisesofOrthomyxovirusandParamyxovirusInfluenzavirusisanOrthomyxovirusClassificationofInfluenza virusClassifiedonthebasisofhemagglutinin(HA)andneuraminidase(NA)15subtypesofHAand9subtypesofNAareknowntoexistinanimals(HA1-15,NA1-9)3subtypesofHA(1-3)and2subtypesofNA(1-2)arehumaninfl
5、uenzaviruses.HA5,7,9andNA7canalsoinfecthumansDiscoveryofInfluenzaVirusFirstisolatedfromapigin1931(swineflu)Isolatedfromhumanin1933NomenclatureofHumanInfluenzaVirusModeofTransmissionInHumanThevirusisspreadfromperson-to-personthroughrespiratorysecretionseitherasdroplets(closecontact)o
6、rasairborneinfectionbydropletnucleisuspendedintheair.Incubationperiod1-3daysClinicalManifestationsInfluenzaisanacuterespiratoryillnesscharacterizedbyfever,headache,myalgia,coryza,sorethroatandcough.Coughisfrequentlysevereandprotracted.Durationofillnessisusually2-7days.ClinicalDiagno
7、sisTheclinicalpictureofinfluenzaisnonspecific.Influenza-likeillnesscanbecausedbymanymicrobialagentsotherthaninfluenzavirus,suchasadenovirus,parainfluenzaviruses,coronavirus,Mycoplasmapneumoniae,Chlamydiapneumoniae,beta-hemolyticstreptococcus.LaboratoryDiagnosisSincetheclinicalpictur
8、eofinfluenzaisnonsp
