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1、WhitePaperDigitalLaundryAnanalysisofonlinecurrencies,andtheiruseincybercrimeByRajSamani,EMEAMcAfeeFrançoisPagetandMatthewHartMcAfee®LabsTableofContentsForeword3ExecutiveSummary4DigitalCurrencies4Benefitsofvirtualcurrencies5TheHistoryofVirtualCurrencies8Theforer
2、unner:e-gold8WebMoney8LibertyReserve8PerfectMoney9Bitcoin10UndergroundMarkets14Conclusion16AbouttheAuthors16AboutMcAfeeLabs162DigitalLaundryForeword“TheonlylibertythatLibertyReservegavemanyofitsuserswasthefreedomtocommitcrimes.Thecoinofitsrealmwasanonymity,andi
3、tbecameapopularhubforfraudsters,hackers,andtraffickers.Theglobalenforcementactionweannouncetodayisanimportantsteptowardsreininginthe‘WildWest’ofillicitInternetbanking.Ascrimegoesincreasinglyglobal,thelongarmofthelawhastogetevenlonger,andinthiscase,itencircledth
4、eearth.”—U.S.AttorneyPreetBharara1Recentactionsbylawenforcement,andthechargesbroughtforwardbyprosecutors,addweighttothetheorythatdigitalcurrenciesareapopularserviceforcriminalstolaundermoney.Beforeitsoperationswereclosed,theLibertyReservedigitalcurrencyservicew
5、asusedtolaunderUS$6billion,asumthatconstitutedthelargestinternationalmoney‑launderingprosecution.However,LibertyReserveisnottheonlyvirtualcurrencythathasbeenusedbycriminals.IncorporatedinCostaRicain2006,LibertyReservewasbynomeansthefirstoronlyserviceofitskind,a
6、ndsinceitsincorporationmanymoreserviceshaveproliferated.AccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofJustice,“digitalcurrenciesprovideanidealmoney‑launderinginstrumentbecausetheyfacilitateinternationalpaymentswithoutthetransmittalservicesoftraditionalfinancial institutions.”2
7、Consideringthisstarkassessment,thereisnodoubtthatdigitalcurrenciesfacilitatemoneylaunderingandtheriseofcybercrime.TherecentMcAfeewhitepaperCybercrimeExposed:Cybercrime-as-a-Service3revealedtheaccessibilityoftools andservicesthatsupportcybercrime,andthereportcle
8、arlyshowssuchservicesrelyontheabilityofthecustomerto payusingdigitalcurrencies.Thegrowthofsuchservices,andasafer(orperceivedsafer)meanstopay,willonlyenhancethis ecosystem.Th
