全国医学博士统一考试2001-2006

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1、2001PartIIIvocabulary(15%)正答率80%PartIVcloze(15%)Readingtooneselfisamodernactivitywhichwasalmostunknowntothescholarsoftheclassicalandmedievalworlds,whileduringthefifteenthcenturytheterm“reading”undoubtedlymeantreadingaloud.Onlyduringthenineteenthcentury31silentreadingbecomec

2、ommonplace.Oneshouldbe32,however,ofassumingthatsilentreadingcameabout33becausereadingaloudisadistractiontoothers.Examinationoffactorsrelatedtothehistoricaldevelopmentofsilentreadingrevealsthatitbecametheusual34ofreadingformostadultreadingtasksmainlybecausethetasksthemselves

3、changedincharacter.Thelastcentury35asteadygradualincreaseinliteracy,andthusinthenumberofreaders,Asreadersincreased,sothenumberofpotentiallistenersdeclinedand36therewassomereductionintheneedtoreadaloud.Asreadingforthebenefitoflistenersgrewlesscommon,37cametheflourishingofrea

4、dingasaprivateactivityinsuchpublicplacesaslibraries,railwaycarriagesandoffices,38readingaloudwouldcausedistractiontootherreders.Towardstheendofthecenturytherewasstillconsiderableargumentoverwhetherbooksshouldbeusedforinformationortreatedrespectfullyand39whetherthereadingofm

5、aterialsuchasnewspaperswasin40waymentallyweakening.Indeedthisargumentremainswithusstillineducation.However,41itsvirtues,theoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwasreplacedbytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsforaspecializedreadership42.Bytheendofthecenturys

6、tudentswerebeingrecommendedto43attitudestobooksandtouseskillsinreadingthemwhichwereinappropriate,44notimpossible,fortheoralreader.Thesocial,cultural,andtechnologicalchangesinthecenturyhadgreatlyaltered45theterm“reading”implied.31.A.wouldB.shouldC.didD.could32.A.waryB.awareC

7、.sickD.thought33.A.correctlyB.simplyC.amplyD.directly34.A.modeB.modelC.mouldD.mood35.A.sawB.watchedC.experiencedD.concluded36.A.everB.thusC.evenD.for37.A.howeverB.asC.soD.since38.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.there39.A.ofB.inC.againstD.over40.A.noB.anyC.oneD.some41.A.wheneverB.who

8、everC.whateverD.whichever42.A.ontheotherB.inthesecondplaceC.onthecontraryD.inhand4