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1、Tourismandculturalheritage旅游与文化遗产(abridge)TourismtositesofculturalandnaturalsignificancehasexistedatleastsincethetimeofGreekAntiquity,asreflectedbyHellenisticworld’sinventionoftheSevenWondersoftheWorld.Inmorerecenttimes,157countrieshaveratifiedtheWorldHeritageConventionof1972(prote
2、ctingtheworld’sculturalandnaturalheritage),and582sitesareinscribedontheUNESCOWorldHeritageList.UNESCO’SDirectorGeneralF.Mayorexpresseditthisway:早在古希腊时代,就兴起了去人文和自然风光景点的观光,希腊人发现世界七大奇迹就反映了这一点。到了近代,157个国家通过了1972年世界遗产公约(用来保护文化与自然遗产)并且有582个景点被列入联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)的世界遗产名录。该组织总监F.Mayer这样表述: “
3、ThepotentialbenefitsofWorldHeritageextendfarbeyondthesiteswhichhavebeenlisted,sincetheseareascanplayaleadershiproleinsettingstandardsforprotectedareasasawhole,canbringresourcesfortrainingwhichwillbeofwiderapplication,andcanbe”flagships“intermsofraisingpublicawarenessofconservationi
4、ssues.”“世界遗产的潜在价值远远超出了名单内的这些景点,而这些景点在为所有受保护区域树立标准方面起着领军作用,带出具有更广泛用途的培训资源,并成为培养公众关注保护问题的旗帜。” Togetherwithothercultureandnatureareas,theseWorldHeritageSitesareimportanttourismattractionsandformthebackboneofthetourismindustry.Indeed,inscriptionontheWorldHeritageListcanquicklycauseasit
5、etobecomeamajortouristattraction.Thereissomedebateregardingtheexactsizeandgrowthoftourism,butitclearlyisoneofthelargestindustriesintheworld,ifnottheabsolutelargest.TheWorldTravelandTourismCouncil(WTTC)estimatesthattourismgenerated192millionjobsand$3.6billioninGDPin1999,whichis12%of
6、theworldtotal.WTTCforecastscontinuedgrowth,withannualratesof3%between1999and2010fortheworldasawhole.这些世界遗产景观和其他人文自然景点都是重要的旅游热点,成为旅游业的支柱。的确,名列世界遗产名录能使景点迅速变成一大热门景观。尽管对于旅游业的确切规模和增长还存在异议,但是,即使旅游业不是全球最大的行业,它也显然是其中之一。据世界旅游业管理委员会(WTTC)估算:1999年旅游业创造了1.92亿个工作岗位和36亿美金的国内生产总值,这占世界GDP总值的12%。WT
7、TC预测,在1999到2010年间,这个数值将在全球范围内以每年3%的速度继续增长。Inshort,tourism’seconomicimpactissignificantandstillgrowing.Moreover,muchoftheemploymentandassociatedincomeinvolvesforeignexchangeearnings.Inaddition,thoughthereiswidevariabilityacrossdestinationsandregions,tourismgenerallyprovidesjobsofvar
8、ioustypes(fromunskilledtos