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1、OpinionBayesianoptimizationoftimeperception123ZhuanghuaShi,RussellM.Church,andWarrenH.Meck1DepartmentofPsychology,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨tMu¨nchen,Munich,Germany2DepartmentofCognitive,Linguistic,andPsychologicalSciences,BrownUniversity,Provide
2、nce,RhodeIsland,USA3DepartmentofPsychologyandNeuroscience,DukeUniversity,Durham,NorthCarolina,USAPrecisetimingiscrucialtodecision-makingandbe-theBayesianapproachtooptimizationhasprovidedmanyhavioralcontrol,yetsubjectivetimecanbeeasilyimportantinsight
3、s,exactlyhowtheseprobabilisticdistri-distortedbyvarioustemporalcontexts.Applicationbutionsandinferencesmightbelinkedtotemporalproces-ofaBayesianframeworktovariousformsofcontex-singatamechanisticlevelremainsuncertain.tualcalibrationrevealsthat,contrar
4、ytopopularbelief,Inthisarticle,wereviewrecentprogressinunderstand-contextualbiasesintiminghelptooptimizeoverallingtheinfluenceofcontextualcalibrationonintervalperformanceundernoisyconditions.Here,wereviewtiming,withparticularfocuson‘central-tendency’a
5、ndrecentprogressinunderstandingtheseformsoftem-‘modality’effects,aswellasthetime-ordererror(TOE).poralcalibration,andintegrateaBayesianframeworkWethencomparethedifferentexplanationsforcontextualwithinformation-processingmodelsoftiming.Wecalibrationma
6、debyBayesianinferenceandtraditionalshowthattheessentialcomponentsofaBayesianinformation-processingmodelsofintervaltiming.Finally,frameworkarecloselyrelatedtotheclock,memory,weprovidearoadmapforintegratingaBayesianframe-anddecisionstagesusedbythesemod
7、els,andthatworkwithexistingtimingmodelsandpointouttheimpli-suchanintegratedframeworkoffersanewperspectivecationsandpotentialchallengesassociatedwiththisondistortionsintimingandtimeperceptionthatareapproach.otherwisedifficulttoexplain.Contextualcalibra
8、tionoftimeperceptionIntroductionAsnotedabove,subjectivedurationscaneasilybedis-Humansareoftensurprisinglyaccurateattiminginter-tortedbyvariouscontextualfactors.Aclassicexampleofvalsinthesub-secondtominutesrangeduringdailycontextualcalibrationisVieror