Peace in the pipeline

Peace in the pipeline

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时间:2019-08-04

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1、PeaceinthepipelineVIEWPOINTByAaronWolf,AnnikaKramer,AlexanderCariusandGeoffreyDabelko"Waterwarsarecoming!"thenewspaperheadlinesscream.Itseemsobvious;rivalriesoverwaterhavebeenthesourceofdisputessincehumanssettleddowntocultivatefood.Evenourlanguagereflectstheseancientroots:"rivalry"comesfromth

2、eLatinrivalis,or"oneusingthesameriverasanother".Asthenumberofinternationalriverbasinsandimpactofwaterscarcityhasgrown,sodothewarningsthatcountrieswilltakeuparmstoensureaccesstowater.In1995,forexample,WorldBankVicePresidentIsmailSerageldinfamouslyclaimedthat"thewarsofthenextcenturywillbeaboutw

3、ater,"asentimentechoedregularlyeversince.Theseapocalypticwarningsflyinthefaceofhistory.Nonationshavegonetowarspecificallyoverwaterresourcesforthousandsofyears;theonlydocumentedcaseofwarwithsuchaspecificcausewasbetweenthecitystatesofLagashandUmmaontheTigrisRiver4,500yearsago.Internationalwater

4、disputes-evenamongfierceenemies-aregenerallyresolvedpeacefully,evenasconflictseruptoverotherissues.8Today,morethanever,itistimetostoppropagatingthreatsof'waterwars'andaggressivelypursueawaterpeacemakingstrategyWhy?Becausewaterissoimportantthatnationscannotaffordtofightoverit.Instead,waterfuel

5、sgreaterinterdependence.Bycomingtogethertomanagetheirsharedwaterresourcesjointly,countriescanbuildtrustandhelppreventconflict.Bycrying"waterwars,"doomsayersignoreapromisingwaytohelppreventwar:co-operativewaterresourcesmanagement.LocalissuesOfcourse,peoplecompete-sometimesviolently-forwater,wh

6、ichisnotonlyessentialtolifeonEarth,butalsoincreasinglyscarce.Developingcountries,oftenlocatedinaridandsemi-aridregionsexperiencinghighratesofpopulationgrowth,areespeciallythreatenedbywaterscarcity.Thesecountriesoftenlackthehuman,institutional,andtechnicalcapacityneededtomanagewaterscarcityand

7、itsassociatedeconomic,agricultural,health,andpoliticalchallenges.Withinanation,users-farmers,hydroelectricdams,recreationalusers,environmentalists-areoftenatodds,andtheprobabilityofa8mutuallyacceptablesolutionfallsasthenumberofstakeholdersris

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