IB physics_Required_Definition

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1、1.Displacement(s)-distancetraveledinaparticulardirection(changeinposition)2.Velocity(u,v)-rateofchangeofdisplacement3.Speed(u,v)-rateofchangeofdistance4.Acceleration(a)-rateofchangeofvelocity5.Newton’sFirstLawofMotion–Anobjectatrestremainsatrestandanobjectinmotionremains

2、inmotionataconstantspeedinastraightlineunlessactedonbyanunbalancedforce.6.Newton’sSecondLawofMotion–Anunbalancedforcewillcauseanobjecttoaccelerateinthedirectionofthenetforce.Theaccelerationoftheobjectisproportionaltothenetforceandinverselyproportionaltoitsmass.(Fnet=maor

3、Fnet=Δp/Δt(netforce=rateofchangeofmomentum))7.Newton’sThirdLawofMotion-WhentwobodiesAandBinteract(pushorpull),theforcethatAexertsonBisequalandoppositetotheforcethatBexertsonA.8.LinearMomentum(p)-productofmassandvelocity9.Impulse(J)-changeinmomentum10.LawofConservationofL

4、inearMomentum-Thetotalmomentumofanisolatedsystem(noexternalforces)remainsconstant.11.Work(W)-Theproductofaforceonanobjectandthedisplacementoftheobjectinthedirectionoftheforce.12.PrincipleofConservationofEnergy–Thetotalenergyofanisolatedsystem(noexternalforces)remainscons

5、tant.(OR–Energycanbeneithercreatednordestroyedbutonlytransformedfromoneformtoanotherortransferredfromoneobjecttoanother.)13.ElasticCollision–acollisioninwhichkineticenergyisconserved14.Power(P)-Therateatwhichworkisdoneortherateatwhichenergyistransferred.15.Newton’sUniver

6、salLawofGravitation–Theforceofgravitybetweentwoobjectsisdirectlyproportionaltotheproductofthetwomassesandinverselyproportionaltothesquareofthedistancebetweenthemandactsalongalinejoiningtheircenters.(NOTE:Theobjectsarepointmasses.Iftheyarenotpointmassesbutareveryfarapart,

7、thatis,thedistancebetweenthemisverymuchgreaterthantheirradii,theycanbetreatedlikepointmasses.)1.GravitationalFieldStrength(g)–gravitationalforceperunitmassonapointmass(g=Fg/m)2.GravitationalPotentialEnergy(EP)-theworkdoneinmovingamassfrominfinitytoapointinspace(NOTE:thew

8、orkdoneispathindependent)3.GravitationalPotential(V)–theworkdoneperunitmassinmovingamassfrominfinitytoa