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1、v-Introduction(2)Theeight-leggedessaywasastyleofessaywritingthathadtobemasteredtopasstheimperialexaminations(科举)duringtheMingandQingDynasties.Itisnamedsobecauseitwasdividedintoeightsections.Theeight-leggedessayformatwasinventedbytheSongDynastyreformerWangAnshi.
2、However,itisnotcertainexactlywhentheformbecamethestandardforthecivilserviceexaminations(公务员考试).AmodelformforessaywritingissuedbyEmperorTaizuofMingin1370ismuchlessrigidandprecisethaneight-leggedessayseventuallybecame.Itspecifiesonlythetopicstobetestedintheexamin
3、ationsandtheminimumlengthofthecandidates'essays.AccordingtoGuYanwu,theformoftheessaybecamemorestandardizedduringthe15thcentury.Theterm"eight-leggedessay"firstappearedduringtheperiodfrom1465to1487,andtheessayformwasfirstrequiredintheexaminationsof1487and1496.Sin
4、cemasteryoftheformwasarequirementforsuccessintheexaminations,commercialprintersduringtheMingDynastybegantoprintsuccessfulexaminationessaysasguidesforaspiringcandidates.Thefirstoftheseappearedinpiratedformduringthe16thcentury.However,thepracticegainedofficialapp
5、rovalin1587,whenthegovernmentsuggestedthatthebestpapersofthepreviouscenturybereprintedasexamples.EightsectionsOpening破題"breaktopic"Twosentencesofprosewhosefunctionistobroachthetopic.Amplification承題"carrytopic"Fivesentencesofprose,elaboratinguponandclarifyingthe
6、theme.Preliminaryexposition起講"beginspeak"ProsaicwritingInitialargument起股"beginsection"Aspecifiednumber(4,5,8or9)ofsentencepairswritteninparallel,developingtheinitialargument.Theparallelsentencesaddressthetopicandconveysimilarmeanings,withsimilarstructurebutdiff
7、erentwords.Centralargument中股"middleportion"Sentenceswritteninparallel,withnolimitastotheirnumber,inwhichthecentralpointsoftheessayareexpoundedfreely.Latterargument後股"afterportion"Sentenceswritteninparallel,withnolimitastotheirnumber.Here,pointsnotaddressedinthe
8、previoussectionarediscussed;otherwise,thewritermaycontinuepaddingtheideasinthecentralargument.Itistobewritteninaserioustonerootedinrealism.Finalargument束股"tying-upsection"Pa
