h和p方法区别

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1、Summary: Intermsofcomputingtime,thehandpmethodswillhaveaboutthesamerequirements.Ineachcaseyouaresolvingforaboutthesamenumberofnodes.Theh-methodincreasesthenumberofnodesbyaddingmoreelements.Thep-methodincreasesthenumberofnodesbyincreasingtheorderoftheshapefun

2、ction.h-method采用简单的形状函数，要增加节点通过增加单元数量而各个单元形状函数不变p-method采用比较复杂单元形状函数，要增加节点通过增加单元阶数，而数量不变。h-method适用于任何类型分析，但是p-method只适用于线性结构静力分析，根据所要解决的问题，h-method需要的网格比p-method更细。p-method用较粗糙的网格也能达到较高的精度。Overview: Therearetwocommonmethodsofsolvingproblemswithinfiniteeleme

3、ntprograms.Thesemethodsaretheh-methodandthep-method.Witheachmethodthegeometrytobeanalyzedisbrokenintofiniteelements.Thedifferencebetweenthetwomethodsliesinhowtheseelementsaretreated.Theh-methodusesmanysimpleelements,whereasthep-methodusesfewcomplexelements. 

4、 H-Method: Thesimplesttypeofelementhasalinearshapefunction.Thismeansthatthefunctionfordisplacementacrosstheelementislinear.Withtheh-method,theshapefunctionoftheelementwillusuallybelinear.Inanactualpart,itisquiteuncommonforthedisplacementtovarylinearly.Theh-m

5、ethodaccountsforthisbyincreasingthenumberofelements.Moreaccurateinformationisobtainedbyincreasingthenumberofelements. Thenamefortheh-methodisborrowedfrommathematics.Thefiniteelementmethodwasoriginallydevelopedbytheworkofmathematicians,particularlythosewhowor

6、kedintheareaofnumericintegration.Thevariablehisusedtospecifythestepsizeinnumericintegration.Thisvariablenamecarriedoverintofiniteelementanalysis. Theupsidetoonlyusinglinearshapefunctionsisthatiteasytosolvetheelementequations.Thedownsideisthatthestrainacrosst

7、heelementmustbeconstant.Strainisdefinedasthechangeindisplacementdividedbytheoriginallength.Sincethedisplacementfunctionislinear,strainmustbeconstantthroughouttheelement.Stressisderivedfromstrainbyusingthemodulusofelasticity,whichisaconstant.Therefore,stressi

8、nanelementwithalinearshapefunctionmustbeconstant. SupposethattheactualstressacrossapartvariedbythefunctionrepresentedbythecurveinFigure1. Iftheproblemwasanalyzedusinglinearshapefunctions,thenthe