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1、TheAuthorØBorninIndiain1903,inhiswords"lower-upper-middleclass".HisfatherworkedintheOpiumDepartmentoftheIndianCivilService.ØChildhoodinEngland,attendEtonCollegeØ5yearsinBurma(1922-1927):joinedIndianImperialPolice,learnedaboutoppressionandcontrolØWentbacktoLondon,startedhiswritingcareerInimitationof
2、JackLondon,OrwellstartedtoexplorethepoorerpartsofLondonØInthespringof1928hemovedtoParis,livinginpoverty【herecordedhisexperiencesofthelowlifeforusein"TheSpike",hisfirstpublishedessayinEnglish,andinthesecondhalfofhisfirstbook,DownandOutinParisandLondon《巴黎伦敦落魄记》】ØOrwellfoughtintheSpanishCivilWar.Hisex
3、periencestheregaverisetoHomagetoCatalonia(1938)《向加泰罗尼亚致敬》ØOntheoutbreakofWorldWarII,OrwellsubmittedhisnametotheCentralRegisterforwareffortbutnothingtranspired.InAugust1941,Orwellfinallyobtained"warwork"whenhewastakenonfull-timebytheBBC'sEasternService.HesupervisedculturalbroadcaststoIndia.TheCharac
4、tersMr.Jones-TheoftendrunkfarmerwhoownstheManorFarm.Mr.Jonesisanunkindmasterwhoindulgeshimselfwhilehisanimalslackfood;hethusrepresentsTsarNicholasII,whomtheRussianRevolutionousted.Mr.Frederick-Thetough,shrewdoperatorofPinchfield,aneighboringfarm.BasedonAdolfHitler,therulerofNaziGermanyinthe1930sand
5、1940s,Mr.Frederickprovesanuntrustworthyneighbor.Mr.Pilkington-TheeasygoinggentlemanfarmerwhorunsFoxwood,aneighboringfarm.Mr.Frederick’sbitterenemy,Mr.PilkingtonrepresentsthecapitalistgovernmentsofEnglandandtheUnitedStates.Mr.Whymper-ThehumansolicitorwhomNapoleonhirestorepresentAnimalFarminhumansoci
6、ety.Mr.Whymper’sentryintotheAnimalFarmcommunityinitiatescontactbetweenAnimalFarmandhumansociety,alarmingthecommonanimals.OldMajor-Theprize-winningboar,whosevisionofasocialistutopiaservesastheinspirationfortheRebellion.OrwellbasedMajoronboththeGermanpoliticaleconomistKarlMarxandtheRussianrevolutiona
7、ryleaderLenin.Napoleon-ThepigwhoemergesastheleaderofAnimalFarmaftertheRebellion.BasedonJosephStalin,Napoleonusesmilitaryforce(hisnineloyalattackdogs)tointimidatetheotheranimalsandconsolidatehispower.Inhissu
