0 Introduction

《0 Introduction》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、INTRODUCTIONAPerspectiveonEmergencyReliefSystemDesignPracticeHaroldG.FisherChairman,DIERSTechnicalCommittee1.OVERVIEW1-1.PreventionofaMajorAccidentalReleasePreventionofamajoraccidentalreleaseofhazardousmaterialsfromaCPI/HPIfacilityrequiresproperdesign,constructiontostandard,

2、safeoper-ationandmanagementsurveillance.Anemergencyreliefsystemdesignstrat-egy,whichseekstopreventamajoraccidentalrelease,shouldincludeitera-tiveconsiderationsofhazardsandinitiatingeventidentification,assessmentofriskandmitigationofconsequences.Costeffectivelosspreventionreq

3、uiresanoptimizingstrategytoprevent,moderate(relieve)andcontainarunawayreaction.Thisiterativethree-stepassessmentapproachtoemergencyreliefsystemdesignwillminimizethepotentialforunacceptableriskofamajoraccidentalreleaseofhazardousmaterialstotheenvironment.1-2.EmergencyReliefSy

4、stemDesignEmergencyreliefsystemisamultifacetedproblem.Ofparticularsignificanceiswhetherthereliefsystemmustbedesignedforsingleortwo-phasevapor-liquidflow.Generally,two-phaseflowrequiresalargerreliefareathanallvapororsubcooledliquidflow.Containmentandmitigationofconsequencesal

5、sodependuponadefinitionofthevapor-liquidphaseratioofthedis-chargedmaterial.Ensuringthatanemergencyreliefsystemdesignwilleitheravoidoraccommodatetwo-phasevapor-liquidflowisofparticularimpor-tance.2.DESIGNINSTITUTEFOREMERGENCYRELIEFSYSTEM(DIERS)2-1.IntroductiontoDIERSTheDesign

6、InstituteforEmergencyReliefSystems(DIERS),aconsortiumof29companiesundertheauspicesofAIChE(seeAppendicesi-Aandi-B),wasformedin1976todevelopmethodsforthedesignofemergencyreliefsystemstohandlerunawayreactions[1-3].Ofparticularinterestwerethepredictionofwhentwo-phaseflowventingw

7、ouldoccurandtheapplica-bilityofvarioustwo-phasevapor-liquidflashingflowmethodsforsizingreliefsystems.DIERSspentapproximately$1.6milliontoinvestigatethetwo-phasevapor-liquidonset/disengagementdynamicsandhydrodynamicsofemergencyreliefsystems.AnoverviewoftheDIERSresearchprogram

8、andthesignificanceoftherecommendedmethodologyarediscussedinthisProjectManua