Exam M08AAE August 2015_solution_V2

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1、M08AAE/4August2015CoventryUniversityFacultyofEngineeringandComputingM08AAEAlternativeEnergyandSmartGridInstructionstocandidatesTimeallowed:2Hours0minutesAnswer:Any3QuestionsTotalnumberofquestions:4Forthisexaminationyouwillbesuppliedwith:AnswerBooksImportant:Youmusthandthi

2、squestionpaperinattheendoftheexamination.page1of4M08AEE/4Q1.(a)Criticallycompare1st,2ndand3rdGenerationsolarcellsconsideringperformance,costandmanufacturability?(2+2+2marks)Solarcelltechnologiesaretraditionallydividedintothreegenerations.Firstgenerationsolarcellsaremainly

3、basedonsiliconwafersandtypicallydemonstrateaperformanceabout15-20%.Thesetypesofsolarcellsdominatethemarketandaremainlythoseseenonrooftops.Thebenefitsofthissolarcelltechnologylieintheirgoodperformance,aswellastheirhighstability.However,theyarerigidandrequirealotofenergyinp

4、roduction.(2mark)Thesecondgenerationsolarcellsarebasedonamorphoussilicon,CIGSandCdTe,wherethetypicalperformanceis10-15%.Sincethesecondgenerationsolarcellsavoiduseofsiliconwafersandhavealowermaterialconsumptionithasbeenpossibletoreduceproductioncostsofthesetypesofsolarcell

5、scomparedtothefirstgeneration.Thesecondgenerationsolarcellscanalsobeproducedsotheyareflexibletosomedegree.However,astheproductionofsecondgenerationsolarcellsstillincludevacuumprocessesandhightemperaturetreatments,thereisstillalargeenergyconsumptionassociatedwiththeproduct

6、ionofthesesolarcells.Further,thesecondgenerationsolarcellsarebasedonscarceelementsandthisisalimitingfactorintheprice.(2mark)Thirdgenerationsolarcellsusesorganicmaterialssuchassmallmoleculesorpolymers.Thus,polymersolarcellsareasubcategoryoforganicsolarcells.Thethirdgenerat

7、ionalsocoversexpensivehighperformanceexperimentalmulti-junctionsolarcellswhichholdtheworldrecordinsolarcellperformance.Thistypehasonlytosomeextentacommercialapplicationbecauseoftheveryhighproductionprice.Anewclassofthinfilmsolarcellscurrentlyunderinvestigationareperovskit

8、esolarcells.Polymersolarcellsorplasticsolarcells,ontheotherhand,offerseveraladvantagessuchasasim