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1、2014年2月28日北美托福阅读真题智课网整理第一篇：过去的气候weatherinthepast讲研究遥远过去气候的各种方法，主要围绕冰川、冰盖等研究展开。解析：本文属地质学话题，研究地球气候变化情况。这是托福阅读常考话题，气候也常常作为研究其他历史现象或事件背后的可能原因而出现。VostokResearchStationVostokResearchStationisabout1,300kmfromtheGeographicSouthPole,atthecenteroftheEastAntarcticI
2、ceSheetandwithintheAustralianAntarcticTerritory.AsasignatorytotheAntarcticTreatySystem,Australiadoesnotexercisesovereigntyovertheterritory.VostokislocatedneartheSouthernPoleofInaccessibilityandtheSouthGeomagneticPole,makingitoneoftheoptimalplacestoobserv
3、echangesintheEarth'smagnetosphere.Otherstudiesincludeactinometry,geophysics,medicineandclimatology.Thestationisat3,488meters(11,444ft)abovesealevelandisoneofthemostisolatedestablishedresearchstationsontheAntarcticcontinent.ThestationwassuppliedfromMirnyS
4、tationontheAntarcticcoast.Thestationtypicallycontains25scientistsandengineersinthesummer.Inwinter,theirnumberdropsto13.TheonlypermanentresearchstationlocatedfarthersouthistheAmundsen–ScottSouthPoleStation,operatedbytheUnitedStatesatthegeographicSouthPole
5、.SomeofthechallengesfacedbythoselivingonthestationweredescribedinVladimirSanin'sbookssuchas"NewbieintheAntarctic"(1973),"72DegreesBelowZero"(1975),andothers.Inthe1970stheSovietUniondrilledasetofcores500–952mdeep.Thesehavebeenusedtostudytheoxygenisotopeco
6、mpositionoftheice,whichshowedthaticeofthelastglacialperiodwaspresentbelowabout400mdepth.Thenthreemoreholesweredrilled:in1984,Hole3Greachedafinaldepthof2202m;in1990,Hole4Greachedafinaldepthof2546m;andin1993Hole5Greachedadepthof2755m;afterabriefclosure,dri
7、llingcontinuedduringthewinterof1995.In1996itwasstoppedatdepth3623m,bytherequestoftheScientificCommitteeonAntarcticResearchthatexpressedworriesaboutpossiblecontaminationofLakeVostok.Thisicecore,drilledcollaborativelywiththeFrench,producedarecordofpastenvi
8、ronmentalconditionsstretchingback420,000yearsandcoveringfourpreviousglacialperiods.Foralongtimeitwastheonlycoretocoverseveralglacialcycles;butin2004itwasexceededbytheEPICAcore,whichwhilstshallower,coversalongertimespan.In2
