中山装英文介绍

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1、课程号：1063166课程名：世界科技发展史学分：2上课教师：武欣题目：TheWorldwideInfluenceofGunpowder姓名：孙童童学号：20112195班级：英语四班6TheWorldwideInfluenceofGunpowderI.Introductiontogunpowder.GunpowderwasinventedinChina.Itwasfirstoriginatedinthetangdynasty.ItwasinventedbyTaoismduringanalchemist.Inlatertangdynastygunpowderwasusedinthem

2、ilitary.Chinesemilitaryforcesusedgunpowder-basedweapons(i.e.rockets,cannons)andexplosives(i.e.grenadesanddifferenttypesofbombs)againsttheMongolswhentheMongolsattemptedtoinvadeandbreachcityfortificationsonChina'snorthernborders.AftertheMongolsconqueredChinaandfoundedtheYuanDynasty,theyusedtheChi

3、nesegunpowder-basedweaponstechnologyintheirattemptedinvasionofJapan;theyalsousedgunpowdertofuelrockets.ThemainstreamscholarlyconsensusisthatgunpowderwasinventedinChina,13thcentury,gunpowderwasintroducedintoArabcountriesbybusinessmenthroughIndia,afterthe14thcenturytechnologyofgunpowderweaponsinC

4、hinaspreadtoEuropeviaArabia.ThespreadofgunpowderacrossAsiafromChinaiswidelyattributedtotheMongols.OneofthefirstexamplesofEuropeansencounteringgunpowderandfirearmsisattheBattleofMohiin1241.AtthisbattletheMongolsnotonlyusedgunpowderinearlyChinesefirearmsbutintheearliestgrenadesaswell.II.TheWorldw

5、ideInfluenceofgunpowder.2.1TheInfluenceinChinaThethreemainingredientsofancientgunpowderaresaltpeter,sulfurandcarbon.InthesixthcenturyBC,peoplewereawareofsaltpeter.Atthattime,notonlymedicalexpertsusesaltpetertotreatingillnesses,alchemistswillalsothinksaltpeterasanimportantmaterial.Gunpowderwasus

6、edinthemanufactureoffireworks,willsoonbeappliedtomilitary.Withthedevelopmentofgunpowderandgunpowderweapons,theybegantousegunpowdertomakeexplosive.Powderburningcanproducelargeamountsofgasandheat.Originallythesmallsizeofthesolidpowder,volumeexpansion,suddenlyjumpedtothousandsoftimes,whenthecontai

7、nerwouldexplode,thataretheexplosionofgunpowderperformance.Useofcombustionandexplosionofgunpowderperformancecanmakeallkindsoffirearms.Theuseofthenorthernsongdynastyperiodusesdifferentgunpowderismadebyusingtheprincipleofblackpowderb