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1、山东省临沂市2017-2018学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）ALife-ChangingScienceDiscoveriesHere’salookatsomediscoveriesthathavechangedtheworld.It’simpossibletoranktheirimportance,sothey’relistedintheordertheywerediscoveredMicro-organismBeforeFrenchchemistLouisPasteurbega
2、nexperimentingwithbacteriainthe1860s,peopledidnotknowwhatcauseddisease.Henotonlydiscoveredthatdiseasecamefrommicro-organisms,butalsorealizedthatbacteriacouldbekilledbyheatanddisinfectant(消毒剂).Thisideacauseddoctorstowashtheirhandsanddisinfecttheirinstruments,whichhassavedmillionsofliv
3、es.PenicillinAntibioticsarepowerfuldrugsthatkilldangerousbacteriainourbodiesthatmakeussick.In1928,BritishAlexanderFlemingdiscoveredthefirstantibiotic,penicillin,whichhegrewinhislab.Withoutantibiotics,infectionslikestrepthroatcouldbedeadlyDNAOnFebruary28,1853,JamesWatsonoftheUnitedSta
4、tesandFrancisCrickofEnglandmadeoneofthegreatestscientificdiscoveriesinhistory.ThetwoscientistsfoundthestructureofDNA.OurgenesaremadeofDNAanddeterminehowthingslikewhatcolorhairandeyewe’llhave.In1962,theywereawardedtheNobelPrizeforthiswork.Thediscoveryhashelpeddoctorsunderstanddiseases
5、andmaysomedaypreventsomeillnesseslikeheartdiseaseandcancer.X-raysWilhelmRoentgen,aGermanphysicist,discoveredX-raysin1895.X-raysgorightthroughsomesubstances,likefleshandwood,butarestoppedbyothers,suchasbonesandlead.Thisallowsthemtobeusedtoseebrokenbonesorexplosivesinsidesuitcases,whic
6、hmakesthemusefulfordoctorsandsecurityofficers.Forthisdiscovery,Roentgenwasawardedthefirst-everNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1901.21.WhatdidLouisPasteurcontributetotheworld?A.HediscoveredbacteriaB.HisfindingshelpedsavelivesC.HefoundwaystogrowbacteriaD.HisdiscoverywonaNobelPrize22.Whichdiscover
7、ywasmadebytwoscientistsfromdifferentcountries?A.Micro-organismB.PenicillinC.DNAD.X-rays23.WhyisthediscoveryofX-raysimportant?A.ItcanbeusedtoseethroughbonesandleadB.ItcanhelpustoknowwhywearedifferentC.ItisusefulfordoctorandsecurityofficersD.Itisusedtokilldangerousbacteriainourbodies.2
8、4.Whatiscomm
